VIRAL WARTS IN ATHLETES: A COMMON DERMATOLOGICAL CHALLENGE WITH EVOLVING DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
Abstract
Aim of the Study: This review aims to analyze the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic strategies and treatment modalities of viral warts in athletes, a population predisposed to cutaneous HPV infections. The paper focuses on dermoscopic features, therapeutic approaches, and return-to-play recommendations, aiming to provide clinicians with practical guidance for managing HPV-related skin lesions in physically active individuals.
Study methods: A narrative review was conducted based on a selection of 22 peer-reviewed articles obtained from PubMed and Scopus, including randomized controlled trials, clinical guidelines, dermoscopic case series, and epidemiological studies. Additional reference materials included dermatological textbooks and online resources for healthcare professionals. Emphasis was placed on athlete-specific data, non-invasive diagnostic methods and evidence-based management strategies.
Results: Athletes are especially vulnerable to HPV due to frequent skin trauma, occlusion, moisture exposure, and shared environments. Verruca vulgaris, verruca plantaris, and verruca plana are the most common manifestations. Dermoscopy improves diagnostic accuracy by identifying patterns such as red or black dots, papilliform projections, and disrupted skin lines. Treatments vary by wart type and severity; while cryotherapy and salicylic acid remain first-line, newer therapies such as immunomodulators and photodynamic therapy show promising outcomes. Preventive measures, such as protective gloves and lesion coverage, are critical to control transmission in athletic settings.
Conclusions: Cutaneous warts significantly impact athletes’ health, performance, and participation. Effective management relies on early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and education on preventive practices. A multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, sports physicians, and trainers is essential to reduce transmission risk and ensure safe return to sport.
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