https://rsglobal.pl/index.php/ijitss <p style="line-height: 1.5;"><strong>e-ISSN:</strong> 2544-9435<br><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss<br><strong>OCLC Number:</strong> 1036501433<br><strong>Faunding Publisher (2017):</strong> RS Global Sp. z O.O., Poland<br><strong>Operating Publisher (2024 - Present):</strong> <a href="https://sciformat.ca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SciFormat Publishing Inc.</a>, Canada<br><strong>Subject area:</strong> Social Sciences<br><strong>Submission to publication:</strong> 59 days<br><strong><span class="sc-hwwEjo cdchLr">Acceptance rate: </span></strong><span class="sc-kPVwWT hZDpyF">55%</span></p> SciFormat Publishing Inc. en-US International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science 2544-9338 <p>All articles are published in open-access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Hence, authors retain copyright to the content of the articles.<br>CC BY 4.0 License allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, re-published or otherwise re-used for any purpose including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed.</p> https://rsglobal.pl/index.php/ijitss/article/view/4558 <p><strong>Background:</strong> Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Between 2015 and 2025, advances in understanding its multifactorial pathophysiology have driven significant changes in pharmacological management.</p> <p><strong>Aim:</strong> This review summarizes key developments in GERD pathophysiology and evaluates significant pharmacological advances from 2015 to 2025, including comparative safety profiles, limitations of current therapies, and emerging treatment directions.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A structured search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and major open-access databases was performed using keywords related to GERD, pathophysiology, proton pump inhibitors, P-CABs, prokinetics, neuromodulators, and novel therapies.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Proton pump inhibitors remain first-line therapy but show variable efficacy in non-erosive disease and refractory symptoms. Newer agents such as potassium-competitive acid blockers, modern prokinetics, alginate-based formulations, neuromodulators, and mucosal protectants offer therapeutic benefits in selected phenotypes. Comparative analyses highlight the importance of optimizing long-term PPI use and monitoring potential adverse effects. Advances in diagnostics and improved understanding of sensory and functional mechanisms have enabled more individualized treatment strategies.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pharmacological management of GERD has evolved substantially over the past decade, shifting toward mechanism-based and patient-specific therapy. Future progress will depend on integrating high-resolution diagnostics, refining reflux phenotypes, and developing novel treatments that target mucosal integrity, hypersensitivity, and non-acid reflux.</p> Aleksandra Markuszewska Agnieszka Anna Bugała Julia Wendt Adam Andrzejewski Dominika Raether Olga Wcisłek Urszula Chmielecka Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Markuszewska, Agnieszka Anna Bugała, Julia Wendt, Adam Andrzejewski, Dominika Raether, Olga Wcisłek, Urszula Chmielecka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-01-06 2026-01-06 1(49) 10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4558