International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science

DEBUNKING THE MYTH OF COUNTERREVOLUTIONARIES: ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE BELA ACT ON SCHOOL GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA

Ngogi Emmanuel Mahaye — Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study critically examines the impact of the Basic Education Laws Amendment (BELA) Act on school governance and leadership in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The BELA Act, which centralizes authority by shifting certain power from School Governing Bodies (SGBs) to provincial education departments, has generated considerable debate regarding its effects on local school autonomy and leadership. While proponents argue that the Act promotes equity and simplifies governance, opponents fear it may diminish the responsiveness of school leadership to unique local needs. Using the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) and Transformational Leadership Theory, this research explores how school leaders and SGBs perceive and implement the BELA Act, considering socio-economic challenges and community involvement. The findings suggest that while the Act may foster some degree of standardization, its centralizing effects pose challenges for schools in resource-poor areas, potentially undermining the adaptive leadership needed to address local disparities. The study contributes to the discourse on policy implementation and educational governance, offering insights into the implications for school leadership and community engagement in KwaZulu-Natal. The BELA Act marks a pivotal step in the transformation of South Africa’s education system. Its full implementation reflects the country’s commitment to providing equal educational opportunities for all children, in line with constitutional principles. The extensive consultations and subsequent consensus reached have paved the way for a more inclusive and equitable education system.

USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN TEACHING LYRIC WORKS IN CLASS VII-VIII OF AZERBAIJAN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS

Sahib Gojayev — Fri, 17 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The general picture of education reform in Azerbaijan gives rise to an optimistic mood. The main goal here is to provide the growing young generation with the necessary scientific knowledge, to instill life skills and habits in them, and to educate them on national values. For the realization of such a strategic goal, every teacher should be guided by the main principles of educational reform (democratization, humanization, differentiation, individualization, integration) in their work, and should be able to use it skillfully and efficiently in their pedagogical work. It is possible to achieve high success by applying modern training methods to teaching on the spot (and if necessary). At present, interactive teaching methods (interactive and “active” words are synonyms) are increasingly being used in schools. By applying these to their practical work, literature teachers have a great responsibility. Therefore, every teacher should deeply master the structure, stages, work forms, and methods of the active lesson, and then skillfully apply it to their pedagogical work. Currently, the modern teaching method “Curriculum” is reflected as a pedagogical terminology in schools. This term is of Latin origin and means “way”, “direction”. That is, the curriculum is a conceptual document that includes some issues related to the content, organization and assessment of student knowledge. In order to apply it to his pedagogical work, the teacher must first study and master this teaching method deeply and comprehensively. Otherwise, he cannot achieve his desired goal. Because there are fundamental differences between the traditional education program and the Curriculum education program.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF SOME ANTI-EROSION INSTALLATIONS IN THE DAIRA OF HONAINE (WILAYA OF TLEMCEN – ALGERIA)

Nadia Zekri, Nesrine Bellahreche — Thu, 16 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Water erosion is responsible for the degradation of more than half of the world's soils. In northern Algeria, it is widespread, particularly in the western region, which requires mechanical and biological developments to control it. The objective of this work is to evaluate the state and effectiveness of some anti-erosion developments, carried out in a coastal region: that of the Daira de Honaine (wilaya of Tlemcen). The methodology adopted was based on direct field observations, photo taking and data collection at the Forest Conservation in the wilaya of Tlemcen and the district of Remchi. The results obtained showed that most of the anti-erosion installations, carried out in 5 stations in the study region, are in very good condition. This demonstrates the perseverance of foresters, particularly in the creation of gabion thresholds and ridges, as well as the will of farmers in the good management and conservation of agricultural lands.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DRY PORT IN THE ORGANISATION OF URBAN SPACE AND THE OPTIMISATION OF PORT ACTIVITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF SKIKDA

Amiour Amel, Boulehouche Allaoua — Fri, 17 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dry ports are essential for efficient maritime port operations and can contribute to economic growth. Skikda, a city on the Mediterranean coast, is a significant hub for international trade and transportation, with its port playing a significant role in the country's economy. However, the closure of Skikda's dry port has had negative consequences on the city and the region, leading to job losses, reduced port efficiency, and hindered local business growth. Dry ports are essential for efficient logistics operations, improving connectivity, reducing transportation costs, and creating jobs. A comprehensive logistics strategy is essential to address the challenges faced by Algerian ports, particularly through the development of dry ports and supporting infrastructure. This strategy should evaluate the economic impact of dry port closures, the potential benefits of reopening facilities like Skikda's dry port, and their role in multimodal transportation. Additionally, it should consider the effects of globalization and containerization on port operations, as well as the specific challenges Algerian ports face, such as aging infrastructure and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Reopening Skikda's dry port could yield significant benefits, including job creation, improved logistics, and economic growth.

WOMEN AND THE CRIMINAL QUESTION: A CRIMINOLOGICAL APPROACH

Halima Menani, Soufyane Badraoui — Fri, 17 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Rising female criminality, a less common phenomenon, is sparking criminological interest. There’s a marked contrast in the nature of crimes committed by men and women. Men predominantly engage in violent crimes, robberies, and drug-related activities, while women are more likely to commit less serious offenses, including fraud, pick-pocketing, and economic crimes. These inequalities are partially due to sociocultural elements, such as traditional gender roles and varied criminal opportunities. Criminological study, which initially focused on male delinquency, gradually favored the emergence of feminist criminology as an autonomous discipline. This innovation tackles the roots and forms of female delinquency. Women’s social, economic, and cultural contexts and their relation to crime were studied. This led to a specialized field of gender-aware criminology emerged.