https://rsglobal.pl/index.php/ijitss/issue/feed 2026-01-06T19:38:43+00:00 IJITSS editorial_office@rsglobal.pl Open Journal Systems <p style="line-height: 1.5;"><strong>e-ISSN:</strong> 2544-9435<br><strong>DOI:</strong> 10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss<br><strong>OCLC Number:</strong> 1036501433<br><strong>Faunding Publisher (2017):</strong> RS Global Sp. z O.O., Poland<br><strong>Operating Publisher (2024 - Present):</strong> <a href="https://sciformat.ca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SciFormat Publishing Inc.</a>, Canada<br><strong>Subject area:</strong> Social Sciences<br><strong>Submission to publication:</strong> 59 days<br><strong><span class="sc-hwwEjo cdchLr">Acceptance rate: </span></strong><span class="sc-kPVwWT hZDpyF">55%</span></p> https://rsglobal.pl/index.php/ijitss/article/view/4558 2026-01-06T19:38:43+00:00 Aleksandra Markuszewska a.markuszewska@onet.pl Agnieszka Anna Bugała info@rsglobal.pl Julia Wendt info@rsglobal.pl Adam Andrzejewski info@rsglobal.pl Dominika Raether info@rsglobal.pl Olga Wcisłek info@rsglobal.pl Urszula Chmielecka info@rsglobal.pl

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Between 2015 and 2025, advances in understanding its multifactorial pathophysiology have driven significant changes in pharmacological management.</p> <p><strong>Aim:</strong> This review summarizes key developments in GERD pathophysiology and evaluates significant pharmacological advances from 2015 to 2025, including comparative safety profiles, limitations of current therapies, and emerging treatment directions.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A structured search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and major open-access databases was performed using keywords related to GERD, pathophysiology, proton pump inhibitors, P-CABs, prokinetics, neuromodulators, and novel therapies.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Proton pump inhibitors remain first-line therapy but show variable efficacy in non-erosive disease and refractory symptoms. Newer agents such as potassium-competitive acid blockers, modern prokinetics, alginate-based formulations, neuromodulators, and mucosal protectants offer therapeutic benefits in selected phenotypes. Comparative analyses highlight the importance of optimizing long-term PPI use and monitoring potential adverse effects. Advances in diagnostics and improved understanding of sensory and functional mechanisms have enabled more individualized treatment strategies.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pharmacological management of GERD has evolved substantially over the past decade, shifting toward mechanism-based and patient-specific therapy. Future progress will depend on integrating high-resolution diagnostics, refining reflux phenotypes, and developing novel treatments that target mucosal integrity, hypersensitivity, and non-acid reflux.</p>

2026-01-06T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Aleksandra Markuszewska, Agnieszka Anna Bugała, Julia Wendt, Adam Andrzejewski, Dominika Raether, Olga Wcisłek, Urszula Chmielecka