International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science

POLICY DEVELOPMENT FOR EFFECTIVE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AMIDST DETERIORATING DISCIPLINE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWAZULU-NATAL: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

2024-11-06T04:01:53+00:00

The current increasing indiscipline in the secondary schools undermines the overall management of schools hence the importance of proper school management for the achievement of the set objectives is critical important(Daka, 2021). Another problem that has come to light is eroding discipline among students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: the issues under the management of misbehaviour disrupt school administration and jeopardize the educational process. In this paper, I discuss the numerous multifaceted causes of the difficulties that current secondary schools encounter in establishing discipline. Through a review of literature, coupled with interviews with educational administrators personally encountered by the researcher, important areas of consideration, among which include the socio-economic conditions, poor school policies, and a bad influence from the community have been found to be among the important factors that contribute to the current disciplinary crisis. The study employs Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as a framework to analyse the interconnected systems influencing school discipline, including the microsystem (family and school environments), mesosystem (interactions between school and community), exosystem (external policies and socio-economic conditions), and macrosystem (cultural and societal norms). The findings highlight the need for comprehensive and multi-faceted strategies to address these challenges effectively. Some of the key suggestions include providing practical, effective and clear disciplinary measures to be taken, enhancing school community relations, and providing teachers with training and focusing on the socio-economic factors leading to indiscipline. The study also highlights the practical recommendation as ethical leadership and inclusion of the African philosophy, specifically Ubuntu, in developing the better-discipline school climate. This study provides a valuable contribution to the literature on educational management in South and provides practical research that may be useful for policymakers, educators, and school administrators who want to improve school discipline and management. The strategies put forward present an opportunity for schools in KwaZulu-Natal to foster appropriate environment that would facilitate learning and ensure that learners gain improved education outcomes, and instil discipline insisting on accountability among llearners.

DEVELOPMENT OF JOBSHEET-BASED E-MODULES IN FASHION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT COURSES

2024-11-26T04:09:01+00:00

Limited time for the sewing process during learning is a significant obstacle, because you have to explain sewing procedures in theory and during practice. This causes students to not be able to absorb detailed and clear information on the steps for making clothing production. The aim is to 1) develop a module assisted by a job sheet and 2) a module suitable for use in learning, especially in fashion business management courses. The learning media for the module is assisted by job sheets using the research and development (R&D) method. The development model used is the Dick and Carey development model. Based on the assessment of material experts 93.9%, media experts 93%, small group student responses 68.6%, medium group 82.2% and trials in large groups 91% with the category very feasible so it can be used as learning media.

THE SHIFT TOWARDS DIGITAL LEADERSHIP AS A STRATEGIC OPTION TO ENHANCE DIGITAL MATURITY AT OOREDOO ALGERIA: A STUDY BASED ON THE WESTERMAN MATRIX AND COLLEAGUES

2024-11-29T04:13:04+00:00

Digital leadership plays a vital role in enhancing digital maturity in the business sector in Algeria by relying on digital technologies and adopting electronic communication methods within its institutions, especially economic ones. This approach raises the level of digital maturity by increasing operational efficiency and improving productivity, enabling them to reach new markets and expand their business through e-commerce and online marketing. Additionally, digital leadership enhances communication and collaboration within the organization, contributing to better information management and increasing data availability for improved decision-making. Moreover, digital technologies can also bolster research and development processes and encourage innovation in Algerian companies, leading to greater success and increased competitiveness on both national and international levels. This study employs a case study methodology, deemed most suitable for the research topic. Semi-structured interviews and the Westerman Matrix were selected to analyze the digital maturity level in some branches of Ooredoo in eastern Algeria, which were chosen as the focus of our study. The results indicate that Ooredoo does not possess a high level of digital maturity, despite having transformative digital leaders. However, it needs to optimally utilize the available technology to develop work methods and create differentiation and added value. Therefore, enhancing its digital maturity requires supporting digital leadership values of participation and collaboration with employees to create an organizational environment that promotes digital transformation goals and encourages the acceptance of change as part of the organizational culture by adopting modern technologies and striving to master them.

ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR ETHNIC MINORITY CHILDREN IN GEORGIA (IMERETI REGION)

2024-12-05T03:40:49+00:00

For representatives of ethnic minorities living in Georgia, general education and knowledge of the state language is one of the ways of civil integration, which promotes their participation in political and public life. In this process, a special role is assigned to the school. The priorities of teaching the state language for non-Georgian language schools are outlined in various international and local documents, and among them it is important to single out the "State Strategy of Civil Equality and Integration 2015-2020". This document aims to promote civic and political participation of ethnic minorities, encourage and promote cultural diversity, increase access to quality education, and improve proficiency in the state language.
Ethnic minorities often face serious threats, discrimination and racism in terms of access to education, which deprives them of the opportunity to exercise the right to education on an equal footing with the majority.

CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING (CLIL) IN TEACHING IT STUDENTS ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP)

2024-12-06T03:43:42+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of effective modern methods of planning a practical foreign language lesson for students of IT specialties, the necessity of finding the optimal organization of a practical EFL lesson taking into account the specifics of the IT sphere is shown. The article analyzes the current research of prominent scientists in the field of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), or subject- and language-integrated learning, which makes it possible to combine learning a foreign language with another academic subject. The advantages of using this methodology in a higher education institution are highlighted on the basis of the author's own experience. Practical examples of exercises for learning English academic terms, creating presentations, etc. for the effective development of 21st century skills (critical thinking, creativity, teamwork) are given. The key principles of CLIL as an innovative approach to teaching students and the theoretical basis are discussed. Based on Bloom's Taxonomy, specific key components and words are presented and described in detail to help formulate questions and plan lessons. The tasks that help to develop interesting and meaningful classes for IT students in higher education, which will be in demand in the labor market in the future, are detailed.

ON THE ISSUE OF PATRIOTISM AND UPBRINGING THROUGH CIVIC EDUCATION

2024-12-08T20:19:53+00:00

We consider the educational management methods aimed at developing patriotic citizens as respecting the roots and core culture of the Mongolian people. It is focused on cultivating a strong sense of valuing one’s country, developing individuals who dedicate their intellect, passion, talent, knowledge, and strength to the sustainable development and progress of their nation. This includes a desire for ambition, courage, perseverance, and behaviors that embody what it means to be a 'Mongolian.' Furthermore, to enhance the guarantee of the country's independence and ensure sustainable development, nationwide campaigns are being implemented with the goal of fostering patriotism and education through national programs such as 'Patriotic Mongolian' and 'Fostering Patriotic Views Among Children and Youth.
Education is not only knowledge, it is explained by the integrated concept of upbringing, development and morals. Moral education is included in civic education, and based on the development of patriotism, the importance of "New Era" education policy and the participation of the state and the people has been considered.

Materials and Methodology: Sections related to the concept of national security, Mongolia's Defense Law, Laws on Education, and the government's agenda were compared. The management methods, possibilities, and future direction of the problem of cultivating patriotism and upbringing through civic education were clarified from its internal basis and reasons.

OPTIMISING THE RECRUITMENT OF TEACHERS FOR SCARCE SKILLS SUBJECTS IN RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A STUDY OF PRACTICES IN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

2024-12-14T20:04:32+00:00

This scoping review investigates strategies for optimising the recruitment of teachers specialising in scarce skills subjects in rural secondary schools across African countries. Using human capital theory as the theoretical framework, the study explores how various recruitment practices impact the availability and effectiveness of qualified teachers in these critical areas. A total of 344 articles were initially accessed through Scopus and Google Scholar, of which 57 peer-reviewed articles published in English were selected for thematic analysis. The review reveals several key themes related to recruitment practices, including the influence of financial incentives, professional development opportunities, and community engagement. It also highlights the significant barriers faced in rural settings, such as infrastructural deficiencies, low attractiveness of teaching careers in these areas, and challenges related to retention of teachers. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted policies that address these specific challenges and enhance the appeal of teaching in rural schools. Recommendations include increasing investment in teacher training programmes, providing competitive incentives, and fostering partnerships between educational institutions and local communities to support teacher recruitment and retention.

INVESTIGATING HOW AI CAN SUPPORT SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING FOR STUDENT TEACHERS IN AFRICAN RURAL UNIVERSITIES-PROSPECTS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE

2024-12-14T20:14:37+00:00

This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance self-directed learning among student teachers in African rural universities. A scoping review methodology was employed, encompassing 214 articles accessed from Scopus and Google Scholar. From these, 78 peer-reviewed English-language articles were selected for thematic analysis. The review highlights both the prospects and challenges of integrating AI into self-directed learning within these specific educational contexts. AI technologies offer significant potential to personalise learning experiences, provide adaptive feedback, and support remote learning in resource-constrained environments. However, the study also uncovers notable challenges, including limited infrastructure, inadequate digital literacy, and resistance to technology adoption. The findings suggest that while AI can significantly benefit self-directed learning, especially in areas where traditional educational resources are scarce, successful implementation requires overcoming these barriers through targeted interventions and support. Future research should focus on developing scalable AI solutions tailored to the unique needs of rural universities and exploring strategies to address the digital divide. This research provides a foundational understanding of AI’s role in supporting self-directed learning and offers practical insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers.

THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN MITIGATING UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AMONG UNIVERSITY GRADUATES IN SOUTH AFRICA

2024-12-14T20:23:40+00:00

This scoping review investigates the role of entrepreneurship education in mitigating unemployment rates among university graduates in South Africa. The study seeks to understand how entrepreneurship education can equip graduates with the necessary skills to create job opportunities for themselves and others, thus addressing the high unemployment rates prevalent in the country. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, accessing 230 publications, out of which 57 peer-reviewed articles were selected for detailed analysis. The review synthesizes existing research on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs, highlighting successful case studies and identifying common barriers to their implementation. Findings suggest that entrepreneurship education can significantly enhance graduates' employability by fostering entrepreneurial mindsets, skills, and behaviours. The review also identifies key components of effective entrepreneurship education programs, such as practical training, mentorship, and the integration of real-world business challenges into the curriculum. However, the study also highlights challenges, including inadequate funding, lack of trained educators, and insufficient industry collaboration. To address these issues, the study recommends policy reforms, increased investment in entrepreneurship education, and stronger partnerships between universities and the private sector. By implementing these strategies, South African higher education institutions can better prepare graduates for entrepreneurial ventures, thereby reducing unemployment rates and stimulating economic growth.

SCOPE ON BIM AS A TOOL FOR DESIGNING ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS FOR ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS. CASE OF ALGERIA

2024-11-16T18:40:44+00:00

Building Information Modeling, often known as BIM, is considered an indispensable component of the design and construction process in many nations throughout the world. In order to analyze the practitioners' perceptions of BIM's influence on construction in connection to the many tools and software, surveys were carried out and analyzed with the sphinx tool. The surveys were also carried out to determine the architects' and engineers' capacities to integrate BIM into their design processes. Despite having limited understanding about BIM as a new method of work, the results indicated that both architects and engineers are concerned about improving design processes in order to provide a higher level of quality to the projects they are working on in Algerian context.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN URBAN AREAS OF THE WILAYA OF BATNA: EXAMPLES FROM THE SOUTH-EASTERN AREA

2024-11-22T01:51:00+00:00

The state's efforts to improve the living conditions of the population in the Aures region have been, and continue to be, aimed at reducing disparities to achieve balance among the various regions of the country. Housing and infrastructure are among the most important mechanisms it has relied upon to stabilize the population and develop their areas. Despite the efforts made, the desired goals have not been achieved due to a lack of consideration for the specific characteristics of these mountainous regions, particularly their natural, urban, cultural, and social aspects, which have contributed to the development of these rural areas. The combination of natural, historical, political, economic, and demographic factors and circumstances contributed to the development of population clusters in the study area. (Oued Abdi and Oued El Abiod regions - Aures).

According to a field study based on a comparison between different study centers, relying on data sourced from investigations and observations we conducted with the residents and various relevant authorities, we highlighted the transformations that the region has experienced, which have led to environmental repercussions. We examined the mechanisms involved and the various actors in these fragile mountainous areas, and then we attempted to present the levels of environmental degradation in the region and identify the different issues facing these areas.

In conclusion, we highlighted the most important mechanisms through which we can protect the environment in mountainous areas, and we emphasized the necessity of taking the required measures in various fields, especially urban, forest, and agricultural, to achieve sustainable mountain development a “sustainable mountainous area”.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM OF URBAN HERITAGE: AN IMPERATIVE FOR THE FUTURE. CASE OF DACHRA HAMRA IN EL KANTARA, BISKRA, ALGERIA

2024-11-22T02:30:10+00:00

In Algeria, as in the rest of the world, urban heritage, specifically historical centers, attracts many visitors due to their heritage significance. However, the growth of tourist flows and the attractiveness of these cities are dependent on the conservation, enhancement, and sustainable preservation of this heritage.

The original core of the city of El Kantara in Biskra, Algeria, Dachra El Hamra, remains inhabited and is distinguished by its unique architecture and urban organization. This village is regarded as a cultural model of great value. From a tourist perspective, Dachra El Hamra holds particular interest as both tangible and intangible heritage. This interest is heightened by its integration within lush landscapes, characterized by date palm orchards thriving at the foot of its majestic cliffs and impressive gorges.

The village of Dachra El Hamra remains at the center of concerns for local authorities and communities. The objective of this study revolves around this urban heritage, considering the criteria of sustainable development while promoting local and international tourism. To achieve this, we developed an evaluation using the RST02 grid, supplemented by a direct questionnaire conducted with the stakeholders involved in its management.

TRENDS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR AN ALGERIAN CITY

2024-11-29T04:24:22+00:00

The characterization of household waste is a crucial step in waste management. It consists of collecting information on the composition and properties of waste produced by households. This can help waste managers plan for more efficient collection, treatment and disposal of waste. The aim of this research is to examine characterization and offer appropriate remedies for the management system of Municipal Solid Waste in Batna city. The French MODECOMTM method, developed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME) was our tool to determine characterization. Therefore, characterization should allow to bring out the properties of waste that are essential for optimizing approaches to municipal solid waste management and treatment. This research enabled the identification of the main trends in household waste in Batna city (54.8 % Organic Mater, 15.36 % textiles and 14.12 % Plastics). The ratios thus obtained are the main parameters of waste management. The study addressed household solid waste production at three different income levels (low, medium and high). The paper provides an in-depth analysis on the characterization waste and concludes which practices can be applied for the treatment of MSW to improve the Municipal Waste Management in Batna city for a sustainable development.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN KHENCHELA CITY

2024-12-01T20:41:30+00:00

This study aims at shedding light on the current state of the environmental dimension of the quality of life in the city of Khenchela by studying four variables : water, air, green spaces, and waste management. It focuses on the objective indicators of the four variables obtained from an international database and fieldwork, as well as on the use of subjective indicators of one variable through the distribution of an online questionnaire that included a random sample of 500 individuals. The findings of the study revealed that the environmental dimension of quality of life in the city of Khenchela is characterized by limited water sources with dilapidated distribution networks, good air quality despite the concentration of some pollutants exceeding the thresholds set by the World Health Organization, and lack of effective waste management in contrast to the availability of green spaces.

DIAGNOSIS OF DAMP AND STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGIES IN A SAMPLE OF MUD HOUSES USING 3D SCANNING. CASE STUDY: A HOUSE IN THE KHANGUET SIDI NADJI KSAR, BISKRA, ALGERIA

2024-12-05T03:02:15+00:00

Raw earth architecture is an important part of Algeria's cultural heritage, especially in arid and desert regions. These historic settlements, inhabited since the Middle Ages, have enabled people to survive in difficult conditions. However, these centres are now abandoned and neglected by their inhabitants, who prefer more modern lifestyles. The Ksar of Khanguet Sidi Nadji in Biskra, a fortified urban settlement, is renowned for its rich historical heritage and exceptional architectural beauty. Classified as a natural heritage site in 1968, the ksar is facing gradual deterioration and increasing abandonment, mainly due to the intrinsic fragility of the mud buildings, structural problems and various pathologies. These deteriorations are exacerbated by the passage of time and human impacts, leading to premature ageing of the buildings, a lack of maintenance and the abandonment of certain structures that have become obsolete. The aim of this article is to undertake an in-depth investigation of the pathologies affecting adobe architecture, using the 3D digital survey technique. The study will focus on a specific building (House 10) located in the ksar of Khanguet Sidi Nadji, selected from a representative sample. The in situ survey will be carried out in close collaboration with experts in the pathology of mud constructions, and will be supplemented by analyses carried out using specialist tools. This scientific approach will enable us to establish a precise diagnosis, which is a prerequisite for the rehabilitation of this endangered architectural heritage. It will also ensure rigorous traceability, while promoting the use of raw earth as a sustainable building material.

THE IMPACT OF URBAN MORPHOLOGY ON WIND FLOW IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE. CASE STUDY: THE OLD CITY OF CONSTANTINE, ALGERIA

2024-12-07T21:15:50+00:00

Wind flow studies using wind tunnels can be very costly due to their nature and implementation. An alternative method involves using numerical methods, specifically CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), which offers significant time and cost savings, along with quicker and more flexible results for meaningful research outcomes. To conduct this research effectively, two software tools were required: Sketch Up for modeling the various urban morphologies, and the Fluent module of Ansys for simulations, which is recognized by the scientific community. The objective of this study was to provide an evaluation of airflow behavior in three samples of different morphologies within the old city of Constantine, namely: the traditional vernacular fabric (Zone A), the hybrid fabric (Zone B), and the colonial fabric (Zone C), based on a series of CFD simulations. The study aimed to assess the various effects of wind flow and velocity through the different typologies of the old city and identify the resulting aerodynamic effects that impact pedestrian comfort.

CONFLICT BETWEEN MILITARY ENGINEERING AND THE ROAD AND BRIDGE SERVICE FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EL KANTARA BRIDGE IN CONSTANTINE

2024-12-08T20:27:05+00:00

The conflict which delayed the establishment of the El Kantara bridge (between military engineering and the bridges and roads service) was intended to communicate with the railway station and Philippeville on the coast. It made essential the role of Rue Nationale No. 3, between La Brèche, where commercial establishments, stores, warehouses, markets and the train station were concentrated. Also, the decision to reconstruct the El Kantara bridge was imminent. It was to be doubled by the railway network which was designed for strategic purposes by the French army (Shd, 1847). Therefore, the bridges and roads service had complete confidence in establishing the El Kantara bridge, following its experiences and skills carried out across other Algerian colonial cities. The reconstruction of the communication of the El Kantara bridge was the modern project for military engineering which allowed better exploitation of the colonial fabric of Constantine. This city was built on a rock made up of a large spur limited by the Rhumel ravines, crossed by the EI Kantara bridge which, having resumed service in 1863, was rebuilt in 1950. According to Berbrugger (1856), Constantine, without its numerous bridges spanning the abyss, is something that is difficult to imagine. For once, these gorges, the setting of so many tragic scenes over the centuries, had provided the people of Constantine with choice and completely unique entertainment. Not counting the very decorative but practically unusable natural arch, there are six bridges (Berbrugger, 1856).

THE SYNERGY OF OPTIMIZING PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

2024-12-10T02:16:06+00:00

This paper provides a bibliometric study based on data from Scopus and the VOS Viewer program to investigate the relationship between optimization strategies, project management, and quality management in the context of residential constructions. With an emphasis on a number of factors, including publishing nations, years, fields, authors, citations, and keywords, the analysis encompasses 85 articles from 1995 to 2023.

The main conclusions show that the top four nations in terms of the number of publications on this subject are China, the US, Australia, and Canada. The research reveals noteworthy patterns in the disciplines that have made contributions to this topic, suggesting that optimization in construction and management techniques is studied from a multidisciplinary perspective.

In order to improve the performance of residential building projects, the paper highlights the growing significance of combining optimization techniques with efficient project management and quality assurance. Additionally, it lists key works and prominent writers who have influenced the conversation in this field.
All things considered, this bibliometric study offers insightful information to scholars and professionals who are interested in the nexus of these important fields, indicating that interdisciplinary cooperation might result in better residential building project outcomes.

THE PROJECT TO PROTECT THE TOURIST TRAIL ALONG THE CONSTANTINE RAVINE: SAFETY FOR THE NATURAL SCENIC BENEFITS OF THE TRAIL

2024-12-11T03:25:43+00:00

This study examines the evolution of the tourist trail since its update. It provides a detailed account of findings over time, highlighting various aspects of the route and the breathtaking views it offers of the Ravine Rock landscapes (Benfadel, 2016). Since the colonial era, the trail has faced obstacles that have affected its economic development. Its structuring has been shaped by historical events and their influence, particularly the Rèmes project. This analysis underscores the trail's slow expansion since the end of the French colonial period (Mekki, 2018). Users express a desire to address the current shortcomings of the trail. Paradoxically, the caution required to navigate the route is one of the key attractions of natural tourism. The trail offers the chance to explore a natural monument, fostering meaningful interactions and providing vivid descriptions of its natural features. The aim of protecting and developing Constantine's tourist trail is to introduce visitors to its rocky landscapes and the Rhumel, rekindling interest in nature-based tourism. The scenery - sometimes rustic, sometimes harsh due to the steep path’s challenges - offers an idealistic motivation to reconnect with nature. This progression enhances the appreciation of the striking beauty of the cliffs’ sheer faces.

DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ISSUES: MODELLING AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT FOR FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY. THE CASE OF THE CITY OF GUELMA, NORTH-EAST ALGERIA

2024-12-15T17:28:03+00:00

The city of Guelma has experienced remarkable urban sprawl over the last few decades, with a continuous expansion of the urban area to accommodate a growing population. This phenomenon is particularly accentuated by a high demographic growth rate, which increases the pressure on infrastructure and basic services, especially drinking water supply, due to the increasing needs of households. The main objective of this study is to analyse the contribution of the WEAP model to the management of drinking water supply in the different sectors of the city of Guelma. This approach aims to ensure effective and sustainable planning of water resources to meet the growing needs of the population in each sector, while preserving this essential resource. The results show that water resources are limited, with projected consumption increasing from 6 million m³ in 2008 to around 47 million m³ in 2050, while the population is expected to reach almost 800,000 inhabitants. All scenarios show a water deficit, where demand exceeds supply. The study therefore emphasises the need for integrated water resource management to ensure sustainability. It uses hydrological and demographic data to guide supply decisions and aims to develop effective strategies to address the growing water challenges in the city of Guelma.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF ARIDITY TRENDS USING THE DE MARTONNE INDEX: A GIS-BASED STUDY OF THE TIMGAD BASIN, ALGERIA

2024-12-18T02:42:59+00:00

Knowledge of drought conditions is necessary for the rational use of water resources, the prevention of the dangers resulting from them, and for explaining landscape and ecology characteristics. To analyze annual, seasonal and monthly aridity trends in the Timgad Basin, North-East Algeria, climate data from 07 meteorological stations within the 1975-2009 period were used. After computing the De Martonne aridity index at each station, a geographic information system (GIS) was utilized to maps this index throughout the region and specify drought trends, visualizing detected annual, seasonal and monthly tendencies. On an annual scale, the De Marton Drought Index shows a semi-arid climate in the entire Timgad Basin. On a seasonal scale, the winter season shows a dry semi-humid climate - from Mediterranean to semi-humid conditions, and the climate of the region in autumn and spring is semi-arid except for some eastern areas, which are characterized by a dry semi-humid climate - from Mediterranean conditions in spring. In contrast, summer shows from very dry to dry. The period extending from May to October is characterized by a semi-arid to dry climate; December and January reveal humid conditions, while November, February, March and April belong to a semi-arid to Mediterranean climate.

PREDICTION OF SEISMIC INTENSITY IN URBAN AREAS. CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF BATNA, ALGERIA

2024-12-20T03:56:04+00:00

Knowledge of a non-instrumental measurement is one of the most remarkable scientific assets; unfortunately, in seismology, it is considered the least predictable, but it does play an important role in assessing seismic risk. Batna, the capital of the Aurès region, is located in northeastern Algeria at an elevation of 1058 me, 435 km southeast of the capital Algiers, and is one of Algeria’s five most important cities. Batna is also a highly vulnerable city due to the proliferation of dwellings that do not comply with seismic recommendations. Thus, it was classified as a low seismicity zone based solely on historical data from recent decades. Our work consists of analyzing and correlating historical and instrumental seismicity at the regional and local levels:the cataloged seismicity data for northeastern Algeria from 1856 to 2018 includes 3354 epicenters. To that end, our approach is based on three major axes: (a) seismic data analysis, (b) determination of seismic intensity attenuation for a target zone (the city of Batna), and (c) assessment of seismic hazardin terms of maximum expected intensity for a given return time. Using the distribution of GUMBEL Extreme Values (I and III), we were able to identify the reasonable maximum intensity limit for the city of Batna, which was estimated to be VII (MM) for a 100-year return period. This assessment provides critical support and a sound reference for the risk scenario to warn public authorities and citizens about the damages that may result from the occurrence of future earthquakes, allowing for the development of appropriate ORSEC plans and a strategy for managing and reducing seismic risk.

SUITABILITY MAPPING FOR OPTIMAL LANDFILL SITE IN COASTAL MOUNTAIN MUNICIPALITIES. CASE STUDY: COLLO MASSIF (NORTHEASTERN ALGERIA)

2024-11-02T19:45:02+00:00

The management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in coastal mountainous regions displays a significant challenge to sustainable development in Algeria, particularly in its environmental dimension. Local stakeholders face substantial difficulties in identifying appropriate sites for solid waste disposal in this area due to the fragility and complexity of their ecological systems and their potential to amplify the impacts of waste disposal. This affects directly the quality of life, sustainability of natural resources, and threatens the scenic beauty of this tourist destination. Therefore, developing a mechanism based on scientific knowledge to facilitate decision-making processes in these regions is imperative. This paper aims to underscore the importance of employing Cartographic Suitability Mapping for Optimal Landfill Site Selection in coastal mountainous regions as an effective tool to ensure precise results, focusing on the study case of Collo, Skikda state, Algeria. The results show four categories of land suitability: constraint (5.22-7.76) , unsuitable (3.25-4.26), and suitable area (1.21-3.24), with four candidate areas identified as the most suitable for landfill establishment. It is recommended that future studies incorporate social and economic dimensions to further enhance decision-making processes in this regard.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE AREAS FOR THE LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS BASED ON GIS AND AHP IN THE CITY OF EL KHROUB, ALGERIA

2024-12-12T02:10:57+00:00

Random and spontaneous urban growth is the result of massive natural population growth, as it is in all developing countries. As for our study air, it also results from the unloading of the mother city of Constantine to the satellite city of El-Khroub, which gave urbanization the power to take over its vast environment, An uneven distribution of public facilities in the city’s major districts, as well as traffic jams. This work attempted to determine the suitability of urban land for the location of public facilities in the city. It should be noted that land suitability assessment is a major factor in urban planning and management. Our land adequacy assessment is subject to the AHP model, calculating the weighting of various criteria including physical, socio-economic, environmental and urban. The final adequacy analysis revealed the proportion of land most suitable, estimated at 3.52% of the total area, covering mainly fallow land. The results of this study provide a detailed mapping of urban development potential, integrating both existing data and future projections.

THE PULSE OF THE CITY: 'GOUARIR' STREET AND THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN ALGERIA

2024-11-06T04:23:47+00:00

The transformation of a neighborhood street into a city-wide street reflects the adaptation of urban forms to new usages, evolving as a space of urbanity where animation and social activity develop. Often located on the public domain, the street differs from the layout of plots, which is constantly changing, its underground infrastructure transforming as networks evolve. In this regard, the concept of the street needs to be assessed in light of the transformations induced by the new urban trends in Algeria. The study of the various urban and architectural transformations of “rue Gouarir” in Bordj Bou Arreridj and its evolution enables us to examine both urban recompositions as an expression of changing patterns of life, and the significance of place in contemporary Algerian cities. This study, conducted from an interdisciplinary perspective involving architecture, urban planning and economics. The aim is to assess the urban transformations and dynamics affecting this street and the people who live on it and build it. In order to better understand the dynamics of street transformation into public space, an analytical method mainly founded on socio-spatial investigation was employed. As a result, “Rue Gouarir” is overseen by community residents and business proprietors, with a conspicuous lack of involvement from local authorities. The interactions within “Rue Gouarir” have substantially transformed the surrounding area, propelling it to become a sought-after and attractive district within the city.

URBAN SATURATION IN ALGERIAN CITIES: FACTORS AND TREATMENT METHODS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF TÉBESSA

2024-11-10T19:46:35+00:00

Throughout history, cities have undergone transformations due to social, urban, environmental, and economic changes, which have contributed to altering their shape, and growth patterns. This evolution has led to continuous urban expansion in response to the increasing needs of the population, resulting in boundless urban sprawl. The constant effort to provide urban services has driven the integration of new land areas within the framework of urban expansion, often at the expense of the surrounding rural areas, which serve as the city's main life source. These rural areas are the primary base for urban expansion and simultaneously the main supplier of labor and raw materials.

Currently, urban expansion in Algerian cities, in general, and in Tebessa in particular, poses challenges in urban development and planning. This situation calls for exploring alternative approaches when natural or human barriers prevent the optimal use of urban land in alignment with the city’s needs, leading to urban saturation. These approaches should consider the principles of sustainable urban development and rely on tools focused on protecting natural resources within and around the city, as cities are not only the main threat to the natural environment but also the first victims of its degradation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LEISURE PARKS USING THE IPA-KANO INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO SATISFACTION, CASE TITO PARK, ALGERIA

2024-11-18T01:20:24+00:00

Leisure parks provide innumerable benefits in terms of social well-being and economic advantages, hence the importance for managers to assess their condition and determine the beneficial actions to be taken. The physical and functional attributes of parks are key indicators of quality; especially, if they are inspected from the perspective of user satisfaction. Although previous studies have incorporated satisfaction, few have used management tools together in developing countries. This paper proposes the simultaneous use of importance-performance analysis (IPA) and the Kano model as an integrative approach to satisfaction to assess the quality of recreational parks. Tito Park in Algiers used as a case study, was the subject of two methods: first qualitative-exploratory by 116 interviews (2016-2017) on the sociocultural variables of visitors, and quantitative-empirical by IPA-Kano statistical analysis against 36 attributes hierarchized in 7 families of quality criteria. The results reveal a divergence of visitors' opinions against these attributes within the same family of criteria; this is reinforced by a disparity between the degrees of importance and satisfaction that users allocate to them. This research offers a pragmatic tool to help with targeted and optimized decision-making and design as a means of requalification of the landscape. Because it elucidates the state of the recreational offer and points out the contextual characteristics to be promoted in order of priority by integrating the dimensions: perceptual and time. In the future, two or more parks can be compared using these or other tools by aggregating more attributes.

SOUNDSCAPE IN TIMES OF CHANGE: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE URBAN SOUNDSCAPE OF DIDOUCHE MOURAD STREET IN CONSTANTINE, ALGERIA

2024-11-23T03:07:58+00:00

This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between soundscape, urban environments, and the impact of COVID-19, with a particular focus on Didouche Mourad street in Constantine, Algeria. The study aims to identify and emphasize the significance of this unique soundscape, both before and after the onset of the pandemic, by employing a multi-faceted research approach, combining site surveys, data collection tools, and an extensively administrated- questionnaire.

To understand the perception and importance of the soundscape in the lives of the inhabitants, a questionnaire was administered to 159 residents in the area, exploring how their experiences and perceptions of the soundscape changed in the wake of the pandemic. The questionnaire covered aspects such as the emotional impact of soundscapes, the recognition of sound landmarks, and their evolving roles in creating a sense of place and identity.

The survey results, along with the residents' perceptions and experiences, were considered to evaluate the changing importance of the soundscape within Didouche Mourad street in Constantine, Algeria, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research paper sheds light on the impact of COVID-19 on the often-neglected auditory dimension of urban landscapes. By investigating the soundscape of Didouche Mourad street in Constantine and juxtaposing it with its urban features before and after the pandemic, the study uncovers the intertwined relationship between sound and place and how it evolved in response to the public health crisis. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic nature of soundscapes in shaping urban identity and provide valuable insights for urban planning, preservation, and the enhancement of the human experience within urban spaces during and after significant disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic.

TRAFFIC AND ROAD STUDY IN CONSTANTINE CITY: ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC IN CONSTANTINE CITY

2024-12-05T03:21:32+00:00

This study primarily aims to shed light on the traffic and road conditions in the city of Constantine. As a crucial measure in the transportation sector, traffic and road studies play a pivotal role in evaluating the efficiency of existing road networks, determining current and future traffic volumes, identifying bottlenecks, and proposing solutions through traffic redistribution and planning. To assess the current state of traffic and roads in Constantine and their adequacy in relation to the city's area and population, this study was conducted. Constantine was chosen due to its unique position as a hub for numerous major roads with high traffic volumes. Six out of the seven national roads traversing the entire province pass through Constantine. To comprehensively address the subject, the research is divided into three main sections:

- Section One: Provides essential definitions related to the topic, such as road network, road capacity, traffic volume, etc.
- Section Two: Delves into the details of traffic volume, its types, methods, and the significance of its study.
- Section Three: Conducts a detailed analysis of traffic volume and roads in Constantine. Initially, the study relies on the administrative classification of roads to identify those within the study area. Subsequently, it analyzes the average traffic volume and traffic density on these roads.

THE REQUALIFICATION OF THE URBAN SPACE OF DELLY IBRAHIM IN ALGIERS BY PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE

2024-12-06T02:46:36+00:00

Algerian cities are facing uncontrolled urbanization, leading to the loss of vital resources. Algiers, for instance, is rapidly expanding into its outskirts, reducing the agricultural area per inhabitant from 0.82 hectares in 1962 to 0.18 hectares in 2010. This study aims to assess the integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in Delly Ibrahim to restore ecological and economic balance while enhancing local food security.We employ historical analyses, interviews, and field observations to explore the impact of urban sprawl on agricultural practices. Our findings reveal that peri-urban agriculture can play a crucial role in territorial planning, helping to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization. The results indicate that sustainable management of urban resources through UPA can preserve remaining agricultural land, ensure secure local food supplies, and promote environmentally friendly development. Specifically, enhancing green spaces, modernizing traditional agricultural practices, and supporting local food circuits can help balance urban expansion with farmland conservation.In conclusion, integrating UPA in Delly Ibrahim not only addresses the challenges of urban sprawl but also contributes to environmental sustainability and food security. Strengthening these practices is essential for maintaining the region's agricultural heritage and ecological health.

THE SOUK OF EL KHROUB: AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PILLAR IN RESPONSE TO RECENT COMMERCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS

2024-12-08T19:01:43+00:00

At the heart of El Khroub’s urban dynamics, the traditional market (souk) continues to play a significant economic and social role, despite facing recent urban transformations and the challenges posed by contemporary development types. Over a six-month period, encompassing 52 working days of the souk (Thursdays and Fridays), we conducted an in-depth sociological survey using a detailed questionnaire with a representative sample of 400 individuals. The sample was selected using the Krejcie and Morgan method, combined with the quota sampling method (Moser & Kalton, 1971), to ensure that our sample reflected the diversity of stakeholders involved in the souk. The population was divided into four main strata: merchants, long-time visitors of the souk, local government members, and buyers. In addition to this survey, we conducted direct interviews with officials involved in the management of the souk, such as the municipal treasury officer and the current lessee of the souk, while also consulting the relevant specifications. This thorough assessment allowed us to fully understand the socio-economic characteristics and dynamics of this market.

Thus, although initially centered on livestock trade, the souk of El Khroub has lost much of its former vitality ; it remains a crucial economic hub for local businesses and an essential social gathering point, despite the lack of relevant initiatives from municipal services to invigorate it and restore its former prominence. This paper highlights the critical importance of the El Khroub souk as an economic and social space, which requires the implementation of a strategy that would ensure its prosperity and ability to face current economic challenges. Therefore, we present a scenario to address these issues.

THE EMERGENCE OF SECONDARY URBAN CENTERS OR THE WITHDRAWAL OF URBAN CENTRALITY TO THE SUBURBS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF TÉBESSA IN THE FAR EAST OF ALGERIA

2024-12-08T19:15:44+00:00

Major Algerian cities have witnessed significant dynamics, causing radical functional transformations that impacted city centers and their suburbs, leading to changes in the traditional image of cities. This resulted in a new distribution of urban functions and a redefinition of the concept of "space." Consequently, the current expansion and extension of cities' urban structure has encouraged a new relationship between the center and suburb, where new points of attraction have emerged on the "margins and suburbs," resulting in "**new centralities**" that caused major transformations affecting urban communities, spaces, and functions. The city of Tébessa, like other cities and being a border city and transit area to the Tunisian border, has experienced a new form of urban spaces. It previously had a traditional urban centrality around the Byzantine wall, one of the city's landmarks, which dominated for a long time as a central point over the rest of the urban space (the center). However, in recent years, it has undergone major transformations, characterized by strong attraction of functions, activities, and services, especially commercial activity in some city neighborhoods such as Skanska district, Constantine Road district, and Annaba Road district, in addition to “La Rocade” district, which plays a fundamental role in drawing a new image of centralities within Tébessa city at present. Therefore, this modest research was primarily based on fieldwork through a survey of residents in the four mentioned neighborhoods and the use of field observation through an observation network of service and commercial activities within the urban space concerned by the study. Thus, attempting to show whether there are signs of emergence of new urban centrality models that have gradually begun to take their place in Tébessa city, which is characterized by functional and economic diversity (in the city suburbs).

MODELING APPROACH TO URBAN VULNERABILITY TO FLOODING IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF ANNABA

2024-12-10T01:33:11+00:00

Historically, natural hazards have been a constant presence in Mediterranean regions. Earthquakes, eruptions, and floods frequently impact various territories, underscoring this reality. Consequently, governments have prioritized the establishment of prevention, management, and alert systems, making fundamental applied research essential for the ongoing development of these nations. Algeria has experienced numerous natural disasters in the past, particularly those associated with major earthquakes, such as the El Asnam earthquake on October 10, 1980, the Boumerdes earthquake on May 21, 2003, the Bab El Oued floods on November 10, 2001, and more recently, the Ghardaia floods on October 1, 2008.
The general living conditions in Algeria, especially in urban areas, are characterized by insufficient management of various issues, largely due to rapid growth. This has at times led to unregulated and uncontrolled urban expansion, with developments on riverbeds, unstable slopes, and other high-risk areas. Such urbanization fails to consider the persistent presence of natural hazards, which are further intensified by climate change.
Our objective is to identify the primary causes of natural risks and disasters in urban areas. This study includes an illustrative case in the intermunicipal area of Annaba, located in northeastern Algeria, where flood risk remains significant. The study aims to assess the impact of climate change and the support provided for crisis prevention and management within a sustainable framework.

DETECTION CHANGES AND ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPRAWL IN M’SILA CITY (ALGERIA): CONTRIBUTION OF SPATIAL REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

2024-12-10T04:41:58+00:00

Urban sprawl is one of the major problems facing Algerian cities, For almost half a century, urban sprawl, due to its unprecedented scale, has profoundly changed the relationship of cities to space and has given rise to the emergence of new urban forms, The monitoring and understanding of its spatial evolution remain an essential step in any approach to the sustainable development of the steppe city, local authorities do not have appropriate tools, likely to be updated regularly, to enable them to act effectively in terms of planning and spatial development, spatial remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) offer opportunities to overcome these difficulties.

The study presented here consists of the application of a change detection technique to map and quantify the spatiotemporal spread of the city of M’sila (Algeria) during the period 1985 - 2023, using Landsat images from the years 1985, 2000 and 2023. The post-classification comparison of land use maps revealed an increase in built-up areas, especially along roads, despite this urban spatial growth, agricultural activities remain visible, which means that there is a competition between urban development and agricultural production areas is therefore evident.

The objective of this study is to highlight the process of urban sprawl and the changes in land use it generates, it shows the importance of change detection methods for understanding forms of urbanization and assessing their impacts on steppe cities.

REHOUSING, AS MECHANISM FOR URBAN RENEWAL AND ELIMINATING PRECARIOUS HOUSING IN TISSEMSILT CITY (WESTERN ALGERIA)

2024-12-14T19:52:12+00:00

The city of Tissemsilt (formerly Vialar), one of the colonial urban centers built in the agricultural areas of Western Algeria, has witnessed significant demographic and urban growth due to its location and its natural and agricultural potential, which qualified it to play a role in attracting people and jobs, especially after its administrative promotion to wilayat status in 1984. This has affected its urban landscape due to the growth of its housing stock, which is deteriorating due to its age and fragility, especially the old ones and those that were illegally built at the end of the 1970s and 1980s on public lands. that are uninhabitable, i.e. candidates for demolition because they cannot be rehabilitated in order to raise their level of well-being regardless of their legal nature, represent more than a quarter of its total housing stock (3324 dwellings spread over 28 sites), according to a census carried out by the Ministry of Housing and Urbanization in 2007.

This article aims to study the current situation of precarious housing more than 17 years after its census, especially in the city center, and to study the spatial and social implications of the urban renewal process adopted by the state to improve the face of the city of Tissemselt and upgrade its urban environment through rehousing and the recovery and reconstruction of real estate, and to achieve this end we used theoretical and quantitative approaches to analyze the policy of eliminating precarious housing that raised much controversy since its adoption. To achieve this goal, we used theoretical and quantitative approaches to analyze the policy of eliminating precarious housing, which has raised a lot of controversy since its adoption.

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE TYPE OF PROTECTION OF MARITIME HERITAGE IN URBAN REGENERATION PROJECTS OF WATERFRONTS - CASE OF THE PORT OF ALGIERS

2024-12-15T17:40:51+00:00

Coastlines are closely linked to the development of civilizations, as essential places for anchoring commercial and military activities, and for innovation in the forms and techniques of appropriation of the sea, which has produced throughout history a stratification of maritime heritage in the coastal area, today threatened with degradation and disappearance mainly due to natural and climatic conditions and the accelerated urbanization of the coastline, at a time when this heritage can constitute a powerful lever for revitalizing the waterfronts. The historic port of Algiers, the subject of this research, bears witness to a great historical and typological wealth in terms of maritime heritage. Being an integral part of the major regeneration project of the Bay of Algiers, major socio-cultural and economic issues are linked to the choice of the degree of protection of the site's buildings. The objective of this research is to propose a participatory and sustainable approach for the classification of maritime legacies according to their type of protection in the urban regeneration process of the waterfront of the Bay of Algiers, in order to identify development strategies that respect both the spirit of the place and allow the social and economic development of the urban space. To achieve the objective, the Delphi method. This made it possible to structure the evaluation tool and weight the criteria. The established tool is composed of 24 criteria classified according to 5 aspects; architectural quality, historical interest, social role, economic impact and state of conservation. The approach chosen in this study has the advantage of being global, transferable and adaptable to similar decision-making contexts.

THE IMPACT OF OUTDOOR SPACES ON URBAN STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF MASSINISSA NEW CITY

2024-12-15T22:20:26+00:00

Outdoor spaces, particularly green areas, play a vital role in urban structure, significantly enhancing quality of life and promoting sustainable environments. Parks and squares encourage social interactions, enrich the city’s aesthetics, reflect local identity, and foster community pride. Despite their im-portance, Algerian cities, especially newer ones like Massinissa, often neglect these spaces, which are frequently poorly planned and overlooked. This lack of proper planning leads to a loss of functionality and the deterioration of public spaces. This research paper focuses on the importance of public and green spaces in urban environments, specifically addressing the challenges Massinissa faces due to poor implementation of urban planning laws, limited resident engagement, and inadequate community participation in the maintenance and development of these areas. To address these issues, the study proposes an urban project aimed at revitalizing green spaces in Massinissa, offering recommendations to improve their management and raise environmental aware-ness among residents. By emphasizing the necessity of integrating well-planned outdoor spaces into urban planning, this research seeks to promote a healthier, more sustainable urban environment for the benefit of the entire community.

REINTEGRATING PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES IN URBAN SPACES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING IN BRUSSELS AND VIENNA

2024-12-20T04:17:23+00:00

Since the 2007 financial crisis, the strategic role of industrial manufacturing in urban economies has been increasingly recognized in the United States and Europe. The concept of the productive city represent a new vision for urban development that integrates living and production spaces. The integration of productive activities into urban areas poses a significant challenges, but also offers opportunities to foster more resilient and sustainable urban models. This paper examines the urban and economic policies implemented in two European cities, Brussels and Vienna, by conducting a comparative analysis as a research method, with a focus on the types of activities defined by urban production and the spatial perspective. The findings of our analysis enabled us to develop recommendations for public authorities concerning the implementation of the productive city. Our results further illustrate that the productive city is not solely determined by the spatial distribution or classification of activities; rather, it represents a strategic approach aimed at establishing a development framework responsive to the specific economic dynamics of each context. Achieving this requires a clear articulation of objectives, the deployment of suitable regulatory instruments, and the adoption of participatory governance mechanisms.

LAND GOVERNANCE; FACTS AND EFFECTS. CASE OF THE CITY OF TAHER (WILAYA OF JIJEL IN EASTERN ALGERIA)

2024-11-02T19:44:25+00:00

All religious laws and man-made laws call for the preservation and sustainability of natural resources, including land as an irreplaceable element.Compliance of land use with the guidelines of development and town planning instruments is a basic principle in land use. This rule of good governance leads to the protection of the environment, natural resources and the preservation of the natural, cultural and socio-economic heritage marking a given territory. Aware of this reality, the Algerian state anticipated this problem early on through the promulgation of laws and regulations governing territorial management, the occupation of urban land and the protection of the environment within the framework of sustainable development.
However, the divide between land allocations and its use on the scale of certain urban areas on the eastern outskirts of the city of Jijel gives food for thought on the reliability and feasibility of urban planning instruments in the control of land management. . This deficiency is manifested by the disorderly extension of the built environment, the consumption of natural, forest and agricultural space. This trend, accompanied by the increase in population, generates increasing needs for equipment and amenities and difficulties in the management of all types of waste produced.Taking the case of the city of Taher as a study framework, the decadence of heritage wealth (social way of life, agricultural activities, low population and construction density, hygiene and environmental balance) can increase on board be noticed in view of the areas withdrawn annually from natural landscapes and agriculture. In order to control urbanization and meet the needs for individual housing, the municipality of Taher has planned several subdivisions in accordance with the town planning plan. Despite the fact that the majority of designated land bases are of a public legal nature, these operations for individual residential use have been abandoned under the effect of constraints and disputes. As a result, the land areas in question are invaded by constructions which do not necessarily meet town planning standards and land use rules.

THE STATE BORDER DOCUMENTATION POLICY AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

2024-11-20T03:23:58+00:00

The international community considers the border policy to be a crucial aspect of the country's security and political strategy. The resolution of the state border issue has been in accordance with agreements, domestic laws, programs, and projects related to Mongolia's international border. Therefore, the Mongolian government developed and approved the document "The basis of the Mongolian government's border policy" in 2002 to establish a legal framework for coordinating state border activities, addressing related issues, and ensuring border protection. This document is based on the provisions of the Constitution, National Security and foreign policy concepts, and aims to evaluate the implementation of laws and international agreements while optimizing the legal environment. The document remains in force since its approval by the National Assembly in 2002. This supporting document outlines an ideological system that upholds the state's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the inviolability of its borders. It also includes mechanisms for ensuring state border security, as well as the goals, objectives, principles, and main directions for its implementation. This document has been crucial in maintaining the continuity of government policy. In an era of increasing complexity in the global and regional security landscape, countries are focusing on safeguarding border security, addressing potential threats and risks, and maintaining national borders and territorial integrity. This underscores the significance of emphasizing unity, shared interests, and collective security over individual national interests and security. From ancient times (Great Mongolia) to the present day, Mongolia has consistently prioritized its border security and has implemented various policies and activities to safeguard the integrity of its borders. There has always been a requirement to create policy documents for border protection and enhance legal capabilities to safeguard the integrity of the state border, as well as to coordinate and oversee national border protection efforts based on societal needs, aims, and objectives. In light of Mongolia's development policy and legal reform, the state military and institutions with special functions are undergoing reform. A series of state policy and legal documents have been updated and approved, establishing a legal framework. Consequently, there is a pressing need to review the government's border policy, which has remained unchanged for two decades.

UNDERSTANDING CERTAIN ASPECTS OF MILITARY STRATEGY

2024-11-27T03:25:45+00:00

Strategy is the most sophisticated form of military art, encompassing the theory and practice of organizing a nation's armed forces for war and managing large-scale military operations (known as strategic operations). Strategy is derived from and follows political policy, serving as a unified plan for all branches of the military. Military strategy involves diminishing an adversary’s physical capacity and willingness to fight, continuing this effort until one’s objectives are met. It occurs in both wartime and peacetime and may involve the use of force, either directly or indirectly, as a threat. Military strategy is typically divided into four components: ends (objectives), ways (courses of action), means (resources), and risk. The practice of military strategy is described alongside military power, which is enhanced by nine “principles of war”: objective, maneuver, surprise, mass, economy of force, offensive, security, simplicity, and unity of command. A general will likely employ combinations of military strategies, integrating them into a series of operations or campaigns. The term "strategy" originates from the ancient Greek "Strategos," meaning military leader. It is derived from the words "Stratos" (soldier, army) and "Ago" (management, leadership). The practice of military strategy involves the planning and execution of operations aimed at achieving specific objectives in warfare. Military power is bolstered by nine key principles of war: First of all, focus efforts on a clearly defined goal and position forces effectively to gain a tactical advantage. Also, strike the enemy unexpectedly to disrupt their plans and concentrate combat power at the decisive point to overwhelm the enemy. Furthermore, allocate resources efficiently to maximize effectiveness and take the initiative to seize and maintain the advantage. Next principles are the protection one's own forces and information from enemy actions and ensure plans and orders are straightforward and clear. Finally, maintain a centralized command structure for coherent strategy execution. These principles guide military leaders in crafting strategies that effectively utilize available resources and achieve desired outcomes in conflict scenarios.

THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN MAINTAINING SOCIAL STABILITY IN MONGOLIA

2024-11-28T04:08:03+00:00

The involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is crucial for social stability and can achieve high results at low costs. NGOs make significant contributions to social development in areas such as community engagement, human rights protection, education, environmental conservation, and social services. However, their activities face numerous challenges, necessitating effective strategies to overcome these obstacles and enhance their impact on social stability. To support and strengthen the importance and participation of NGOs in ensuring social stability in Mongolia, it is essential to emphasize social cooperation, government support, and public involvement. By analyzing the operational focus and current status of NGOs in Mongolia, we can identify and implement ways to improve their importance and contributions to social stability, which will serve as a foundation for the country’s internal security. The relationship between the government, businesses, and NGOs is interdependent, and when they work together effectively, the nation can achieve development. NGOs, established by citizens, contribute to building a culture of cooperation that empowers the country and is considered the third largest sector in social development. Thus, NGOs should operate with sustainable, consistent, and unified characteristics to positively impact social stability. Moving forward, it is crucial for government policies to facilitate the growth of civil society in Mongolia by ensuring equal participation and consultation in governance. This will enhance the capacity and stability of NGOs while increasing their benefits and development through support from national and local governments.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICAN HIGHER EDUCATION: A POLICY FRAMEWORK PERSPECTIVE

2024-12-04T03:54:55+00:00

As an increasing number of South African universities begin to consider and implement artificial intelligence systems, there is an accompanying concern about the ethical aspects that these innovations could have on society. Public discourse and scholarly research that raise concerns about AI’s impact on important societal systems, such as political and gender biases, are numerous. Current policies on higher education in South Africa are silent when it comes to how AI ethical implications may be addressed. The paper explores higher education’s current focus on AI and what external policies say about ethical AI and related technologies in the context of their applications.
Robotic process automation, as one of the earlier forms of AI, is being used in South African higher education to automate administrative operations. Through a combination of a policy analysis method and case study approach, we analyze the policy framework. The paper then shows how the policy neither explicitly addresses ethical AI nor critical ICT applications like artificial intelligence and mimics systems. The paper concludes that policy framework development for addressing ethical challenges related to AI should become an immediate priority. These findings emerge from an ongoing empirical study on the South African higher education sector regarding artificial intelligence. This study contributes to policy formulation in higher education to stimulate an ethically responsible AI environment. The study’s research focus on South African higher education provides a gap in current literature that is mainly focused on AI policy developments in developed nations, which currently do not have a comparative acceleration of AI and related technologies.

TRANSITIONS AND CHANGES IN GLOBAL GEOSTRATEGIC POWER BALANCE

2024-12-08T19:55:01+00:00

Today, global political relations are experiencing significant changes. The distribution of geostrategic power is influenced by various factors such as competition among nations, economic strength, and military capabilities. Major countries, both central and regional, are pursuing their strategic interests and working towards establishing a new international relations model. As the dynamics between the United States, China, Russia, and other key players evolve, a new geopolitical landscape is taking shape, leading to substantial shifts in international security and order.
This research delves into the evolving global geostrategic power balance, examining its key trends, underlying causes, and potential outcomes. It scrutinizes the current state of international relations, and the strategic policies adopted by countries on regional and global scales, and offers insights into future developments.

MYTHOPOETICS OF THE POSTMODERNIST NOVEL: AT THE LEVEL OF STRUCTURAL-COMPOSITIONAL PROPERTIES

2024-11-02T19:46:25+00:00

The postmodernist novel is an original genre modification of the late 20th-21st century postmodernist trend in world literature, which differs in its unique content, form and functional characteristics in the metatext space. The typological specificity of the postmodernist novel, which combines universal and specific features, is characterized by a dialogue with the historical past. Postmodernist novel revives mythopoetic thought and context, archetype-plot and archetype-images become relevant in such novels, mythologems manifest themselves in the form of plot, motif or image. In the article, the interaction and unity of the archetype-plot and archetype-image division is revealed and analyzed as the poetics of the postmodernist novel. The author of the article studies the postmodernist novel as a unique type of incitement in terms of structure-composition and content, and draws the myths and mythologems involved in the text into the object of investigation.

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN TRADITIONAL ALGERIAN SOCIETIES: THE CASES OF NEW KSOUR OF MZAB AND THE VILLAGE OF AIT EL KAID

2024-12-08T19:24:19+00:00

The concept of citizen participation emerged towards the end of the twentieth century as part of the new democratic paradigms of the Western countries of America and Europe. However, citizen participation is an ancient principle that has guided the political, economic and social management systems of many ancient indigenous social groups. The aim of this paper is to examine the concept of citizen participation and the mechanisms implemented in the management of the environment and daily life in traditional Algerian societies, through the study of two cases: the experience of the new ksour in the M'Zab in Ghardaïa, and the project to classify the village of Ait El Kaid as a protected sector in Tizi Ouzou. The results of this study reveal the particularities of the participatory processes in each case, such as tajmaat in the Kabyle villages and twiza in the process of building the new ksour, while highlighting the similarities and differences specific to each.

A MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO REVEAL THE ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY OF THE HISTORICAL ALGERIAN RAILWAY STATIONS (XIX AND XX CENTURIES)

2024-12-10T04:08:07+00:00

In the annals of railway architecture, the railway station emerges as a prominent edifice replete with profound symbolism, encapsulating a pivotal epoch in the annals of human history, notably the Industrial Revolution (RAISTRICK, 1972). Internationally, its architectural manifestations have evolved in tandem with temporal and geographical contexts, serving as a quintessential testament to the advancements in construction technology while mirroring the artistic, political, and socio-economic undercurrents of its era (BOWIE, 1987). Focused on Algeria's railway heritage, this research delves into select colonial-era stations. It aims to unveil morphological, historical and architectural aspects, shaping Algeria's railway identity. The study extends from Algiers to Touggourt, examining key terminals and stations. Ultimately, it seeks a deeper understanding of Algeria's railway evolution. The study discerned multiple categories and subcategories of railway stations. It revealed that Algerian railway stations exhibit a notable architectural heterogeneity that defies facile categorization into a singular, standardized formal or stylistic archetype. Furthermore, this investigation underscored the primary determinants contributing to these divergences, notably the imperatives of defense (both in terms of security and military considerations) and local regional characteristics. Ultimately, this discovery portends the possibility of a distinctive genre of railway architecture local to Algeria emerging from the confluence of these influences and architectural diversity.

REPRESENTATION OF THE REALITY IN THE FIRST GEORGIAN DOCUMENTARY FILMS

2024-12-14T03:13:54+00:00

History of the Georgian cinema counts more than hundred years. In the beginning of the XX century several projecting halls had already started operation in Georgia. The local society upon appearance of the film making, in 1896, shared new directions of the art and if we will take a glance on dynamics of development, we can say boldly it got rather interested in it. During a definite period of time opportunities and impacts of new means of the mass communication became a subject of interests not only of authors, but public persons (actors) as well. The work over creation of the national film making was started. For the purpose of encouraging of patriotic moods, broadening of education and rising awareness among viewers, directors, writers and aristocracy of that period consolidated. It was just an attempt. After occupation happened in 1921 Georgian film making, as well as other fields of the art found themselves in the Soviet propagandistic pliers. The target of this thesis (work) is to represent dynamics of development of the Georgian film making, to analyze the cadres kept in the Georgian National Archive from the beginning of the XX century – till the occupation of 1921, to demonstrate the key features of the documentary film developed according to the political, social or economic processes and global trends, authors’ achievements in the process of translation of the idea from the creative viewpoint.

COMMUNICATION THROUGH INTERTEXTUAL GRAFFITI

2024-12-18T03:58:43+00:00

Intertextuality is a discourse strategy that is often used by graffiti writers. Intertextuality helps graffiti creators to express their fears, happiness, concerns towards different phenomena.
The present article focuses on intertextual graffiti and its communicative value. The results of the study point out that graffiti is an unconventional channel for the teenagers. It is one of the most powerful channels of expression their sentiments. The analysis revealed that teenager graffitists of Batumi prefer to produce intertextual graffiti and to quote primary texts directly. They borrow famous quotes or original texts and in rare cases rewrite, paraphrase, transform or parody them. Thus, they echo the primary texts. Intertextual graffiti has an aesthetic, artistic, emotional impact on readers.

AL DJANAZA OR THE MODEL OF THE TRIPTYCH. FUNERAL ROUTES IN BEJAIA

2024-12-19T03:53:23+00:00

The Al Djanaza route follows Islamic funerary customs. Technically, it involves transporting a body from one location to the cemetery. An anthropological study was conducted in Bejaia, Algeria, with a socio-spatial observation unit established. The research focused on the urban funeral route (UFR), including the Sidi Abderrahmane cemetery, the Sidi Soufi mosque, and the departure point of the body. This social and spatial whole encompasses both funerary practices and the locations where they occur. The aim was to establish a poetics of UFRs. To achieve this, we employed an anthropological approach, particularly through situational observation techniques. The results presented in this article highlight the emergence of a tripartite model -House-Mosque-Cemetery-structuring the sequences that constitute Al Djanaza, along with the dual conventional and differentiated dimensions of the UFR, and its characterization of a triple marking: chronological, gendered, and spatial.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN BURN PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS OF DISORDERS AND TREATMENTS

2024-11-05T02:33:33+00:00

The main subject of this paper is the psychological disorders experienced by burn patients, with a particular emphasis on the necessity of psychological intervention in their treatment. The research seeks to investigate prevalent mental health conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, and assess the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches.
The method relied on a comprehensive review of prior literature and a thorough evaluation of the outcomes from relevant studies. The findings indicated that a significant portion of burn victims experience various psychological disorders. This includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression impacting, and anxiety affecting. The research also highlighted the significance of providing psychosocial support to enhance treatment results, as well as the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Virtual Reality (VR) techniques in addressing these conditions.
To ensure comprehensive and effective patient care, it is recommended to integrate psychological interventions into burn treatment protocols, as stated in the paper's conclusion.

THE EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES USE ON DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS SUCH AS DEPRESSION – A REVIEW ARTICLE

2024-12-03T04:28:43+00:00

Introduction
Oral hormonal contraception is considered to be one of the most effective methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The ease of use and wide availability make woman reach for it even more willingly. However, the treatment is associated with a number of adverse effects. The oral contraceptive pills not only interfere with the physical well-being, but also markedly affect mental health and may predispose to the development of mood disorders. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the effect of oral contraceptives use on development of mental disorders, in particular depression.

Materials and Methods
A comprehensive review of literature available in the PubMed database was performed. This process involved a thorough search of articles written in English containing the following key terms: “hormonal contraception”, “oral contraceptives”, “oestrogen”, “progesterone”, “mood disorders”, “depression”. The gathered data was then scrupulously examined and analyzed.

Results
Studies show that the use of hormonal contraception is associated with a higher risk of subsequent use of antidepressants and diagnosis of depression. This correlation is particularly prominent in adolescents. Trends show that women taking OCPs with a higher amount of progesterone compound were more likely to develop symptoms of depression.

Conclusions
The evidence suggests a deep correlation between the use of an oral hormonal contraception with the risk of developing mood disorders, such as depression. Further research must be performed in order to determine why some women are more susceptible to such changes of an emotional state during hormone contraceptive treatment, while other present resistance to it.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION

2024-11-15T02:22:07+00:00

Energy efficiency plays a crucial role in the modern development of the construction sector, as it helps reduce energy costs and lower the negative impact on the environment. Under the conditions of global climate change and growing demand for energy resources, the issue of energy efficiency is becoming more and more relevant. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of implementing energy-efficient technologies in US buildings. As a result of the study, it has been established that energy efficiency is a key factor for reducing costs and CO₂ emissions, which is especially topical in the context of climate change. Investments in this area provide substantial economic benefits: the average net present value (NPV) for residential buildings is $15,000, while for commercial – $50,000. The internal rate of return (IRR) for residential objects reaches 12% and for commercial – 20%. The payback period for residential buildings is, on average, six years, while for commercial objects, it is only four years. Implementing energy-efficient technologies leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption, which provides savings of $4,200 per year for residential and $24,000 for commercial buildings. The decrease in CO₂ emissions is also substantial, with residential buildings reducing emissions from 50 to 30 tons per year and commercial buildings from 250 to 150 tons, both reductions amounting to 40%. The satisfaction level of residents of residential buildings is 88%, while that of commercial buildings is 92%. Thus, energy-efficient solutions positively affect the economy, ecology, and quality of life.

THE POTENTIAL FOR PEER-TO-PEER ELECTRICITY TRADING IN GEORGIA

2024-11-12T03:04:32+00:00

The global energy transition is fundamentally reshaping electricity markets, moving from centralized systems reliant on fossil fuels to decentralized, renewable energy solutions. Distributed energy resources such as solar panels and storage batteries are empowering consumers to become active participants in the energy market. Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading, enabled by blockchain technology, presents a new model for consumers to trade surplus energy directly with one another, bypassing traditional suppliers.

This article explores the potential of P2P electricity trading in Georgia, a country with significant renewable energy resources but limited experience with decentralized energy systems. As Georgia aligns its energy policies with European regulations, the development of a P2P trading market could enhance energy security, empower prosumers, and drive local economic development. Through an analysis of global trends, technological innovations, and the current Georgian energy landscape, this article assesses the opportunities and challenges in implementing P2P trading. By building the necessary infrastructure and fostering public participation, Georgia has the potential to transform its energy market and contribute to a more resilient and sustainable energy future.

PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY SAVING EVALUATION OF SOLAR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS IN NORTHEASTERN ALGERIA

2024-12-06T03:12:06+00:00

The global energy demand and environmental concerns rise, solar absorption refrigeration systems present a sustainable alternative to conventional cooling technologies. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a solar absorption refrigeration machine in Constantine (North-East Algeria), focusing on its efficiency and suitability for the region's climate. This region, known for its high temperatures and abundant solar radiation, offers an ideal setting to study these systems. The Aspen software is employed to simulate the absorption refrigeration system without solar collectors. Empirical equations were developed, and a Python code was used to integrate a solar thermal collector and calculate overall Coefficients of Performance (COPs) for the air conditioning mode. The system utilized water and lithium bromide as working fluids. Setting an indoor temperature at 25°C, hourly outdoor temperatures and solar radiation data for Constantine from May to October are provided by Meteonorm software (version 7). The present investigation revealed that Constantine's summer monthly solar irradiation reaches up to 220 KWh/m2, making the region highly suitable for solar-powered cooling. The system demonstrated promising performance and energy saving, with COP ranging from 0.75 to 0.89 and COPs between 0.57 and 0.63. Likewise, it also confirms the feasibility of solar absorption refrigeration systems in high-temperature, high-solar-radiation regions like Constantine, Algeria. The observed performance metrics suggest significant potential for sustainable cooling solutions in similar climates and will influence how cities are designed and built, especially in hot climates. This type of system mitigates climate change. Future research should focus on integrating advanced solar collectors and optimizing system design to enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

ASPECTS OF RELIABILITY, EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING OF GAS PIPELINES AND GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM EQUIPMENT

2024-12-14T05:05:34+00:00

To ensure the safe operation of gas pipelines of the gas supply system it is necessary to solve the problems of timely detection and elimination of leaks, as well as to determine the volume of natural gas leaks. The most complicated case is the leakage from underground gas pipelines, as gas filtration into the ground, its spreading from the leakage place and accumulation in underground cavities are determined by many factors. Natural gas leaks, in addition to losses, may cause damage to buildings and structures, threat to human health and life due to burning or explosion of the gas-air mixture, financial and economic costs in case of gas shortages, and fines for consumers. Thus, the causes of failures are mainly corrosion wear and local defects of various origins on the walls of gas pipelines, which reduce the capacity of gas pipelines, as well as deteriorate the physical condition of the pipe metal - causing its fatigue under prolonged exposure to operational loads. The listed causes of failures, except for the last one, are well studied. The methods of local defects detection are developed, which will contribute to the improvement of the process of operation and repair and restoration technologies of gas pipelines. In contrast to the existing approaches, the approach presented in the article assumes improvement of the process of operation and repair and restoration technologies of gas distribution networks on the basis of local defects detection methods developed by the authors and improvement of their reliability taking into account the data on the actual technical condition and characteristics of each group of reliability indicators of elements of gas distribution networks.

WESTERN APPROACHES OF PRODUCING OF SOCIAL ADVERTISEMENT (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN SOCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS)

2024-12-12T02:52:25+00:00

Social advertisement is the prosocial project of the past century having its roots from the Northern America. For years social advertisement had been passing through gradual changes. Despite of the fact that forms and means of expression, qualitative data were changing, its prosocial assignment and “noble” mission considering taking care over society, touching of social problems, trying to develop definite ways and recommendations to overcome challenges still remained unchangeable Within the social advertisement a problem is accumulated with its whole vividness. As a rule, it reflects alternative prospects and suggests possible ways of overcoming of such challenges. Accordingly, using of the social advertisement, being an instrument of prosocial activism, to receive a better social landscape is a finely approbated method. Western experience of the social advertisement is a conductor of the long-termed history, particularly in case of USA where efficient steps in this direction are constantly made since the period of the Second World War. In the present work we applied a comparative approach which enabled us to compare European and American trends of producing of social advertisements and to see definite similarities and different, on the first hand, on the continental level, and on another hand, by using the Georgian practice. The civilized world constantly makes an effort of resolving of social problems and their considering for the best interests of the society. Among multiple means, the stated aim serves to the periodic screening of the social advertisement; thus, a role of the traditional media, and contemporary digital platforms in this direction is priceless. A target of the present work, from the viewpoint of American and European peculiarities of producing of the social advertisement, is to distinguish key trends. As for the tasks, we made some steps to reach the aim, - reviewed the practice of producing of American and European Social advertisements, distinguished key similarities and differences, and finally, compared them.

THE IMPORTANCE OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN TOURISM PROMOTION BY TOURISM AGENCIES

2024-12-14T04:25:27+00:00

New technologies are fundamentally changing the way tourism agencies communicate, and as a result, these tourism agencies have to move from traditional to digital communications, using digital tools at the same time: websites, social networks, emails, etc. The study aimed to discuss the importance of social networking sites in tourism promotion by tourism agencies, through a questionnaire conducted on a sample of 40 tourism agencies. Through it, we have concluded that social networking sites are one of the most important methods that work to develop the tourism sector, and a basic basis through which the strategic position of the tourism agency can be improved. It is an important new element in promotion as a marketing lever to increase its reputation and improve its commercial performance by using a promotional strategy for its tourism offers and services through these networks. It also plays the role of a marketing channel and communication tool between the tourism agency and customers to meet their needs and desires.