DIAGNOSIS OF DAMP AND STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGIES IN A SAMPLE OF MUD HOUSES USING 3D SCANNING. CASE STUDY: A HOUSE IN THE KHANGUET SIDI NADJI KSAR, BISKRA, ALGERIA

Khalissa Hamel; Manel Nasri; Faten Ghanemi; Soumaya Makhloufi; Fouzia Meliouh; Kebbour Akram

doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(44).2024.3042

Khalissa Hamel Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban Design, LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-8954
Manel Nasri Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban design LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-3477
Faten Ghanemi Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban design LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-3856
Soumaya Makhloufi Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban design LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0874-4077
Fouzia Meliouh Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban design LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-103X
Kebbour Akram Ph.D., in Architecture and Urban design LACOMOFA Laboratory, Architecture Department, Mohamed Khidher University. Biskra – Algeria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/ijitss.4(44).2024.3042

Keywords: Settlement, Abandonment, Pathologies, 3D Digital Survey Technique, Mud Constructions, Diagnosis

Abstract

Raw earth architecture is an important part of Algeria's cultural heritage, especially in arid and desert regions. These historic settlements, inhabited since the Middle Ages, have enabled people to survive in difficult conditions. However, these centres are now abandoned and neglected by their inhabitants, who prefer more modern lifestyles. The Ksar of Khanguet Sidi Nadji in Biskra, a fortified urban settlement, is renowned for its rich historical heritage and exceptional architectural beauty. Classified as a natural heritage site in 1968, the ksar is facing gradual deterioration and increasing abandonment, mainly due to the intrinsic fragility of the mud buildings, structural problems and various pathologies. These deteriorations are exacerbated by the passage of time and human impacts, leading to premature ageing of the buildings, a lack of maintenance and the abandonment of certain structures that have become obsolete. The aim of this article is to undertake an in-depth investigation of the pathologies affecting adobe architecture, using the 3D digital survey technique. The study will focus on a specific building (House 10) located in the ksar of Khanguet Sidi Nadji, selected from a representative sample. The in situ survey will be carried out in close collaboration with experts in the pathology of mud constructions, and will be supplemented by analyses carried out using specialist tools. This scientific approach will enable us to establish a precise diagnosis, which is a prerequisite for the rehabilitation of this endangered architectural heritage. It will also ensure rigorous traceability, while promoting the use of raw earth as a sustainable building material.

References

https://www.meteoblue.com/fr/meteo/historyclimate/climatemodelled/khangat-sidinadji_alg%C3%A9rie_2492113 . Consulté le 06/12/2022. 20 :37.

BENDJELID A, Yousfi B. (2003) synthétise toute une série de travaux portant sur la mobilité ... 21 | 2003, mis en ligne le 30 septembre 2012, consulté le 27 avril 2022.

BENDJELID A, Kouzmine Y, 2011, « Le Sahara et ses marges », Insaniyat, no 51-52, CRASC.

BISSON Jean (1956). Le Gourara, étude de géographie humaine. D.E.S, Institut de recherches sahariennes, Alger.

BISSON Jean, Yann Callot. (1990) ; Les hommes et la sécheresse autour du Grand Erg Occidental (Nord-Ouest du Sahara algérien). Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse. 1(2) :124-133.

COIGNET Jean , Laurent Coignet (2012.) La maison ancienne Constructions, diagnostic, interventions. Éditeur: Eyrolles

COLLOMBET, R. (1989). L'humidité des bâtiments anciens : Causes et effets, diagnostic, remèdes. Paris, Ville de Paris, France : Publications du Moniteur.

MONJO-Carrió Juan, (2011). Le diagnostic dans la restauration. Les études pathologiques, in workshop PG Patrimoine architectural et urbain, EPAU d’Alger, Janvier. P. 01

Xavier Casanovas, (2008). "La réhabilitation et la revitalisation urbaine", la méthode Réhabimed, une approche multidisciplinaire à la réhabilitation urbaine. In Actes du colloque international, Oran, 19-21 octobre 2008,

Kouzmine, Yaël, Dynamiques et mutations territoriales du Sahara algérien, vers de nouvelles approches fondées sur l’observation, Thèse de doctorat en géographie, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007, 424p.

Otmane T., (2010), Mise en valeur agricole et dynamiques rurales dans le Touat, le Gourara et le Tidikelt (Sahara algérien), Thèse de Doctorat en géographie,

SELKA, Mohammed Chihab. (2019), Evolution de l’architecture défensive de Tlemcen à l’époque médiévale : techniques, matériaux et critères d’intervention, Thèse de doctorat en sciences. Département d’architecture. Université de TELMCEN.