THE NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS BETWEEN TOURIST EXPLOITATION AND DEGRADATION, CASE OF EL KALA NATIONAL PARK (ALGERIA)
Abstract
Algeria is the largest country in Africa by area and is among the countries in the world that possess a rich natural and cultural heritage due to its size, diversity of regions, environments, cultures, and the civilizations that passed through it, including Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Ottomans, and others. Our study area, the El Kala National Park, is one of the most important regions in Algeria with significant natural and cultural resources. It boasts an important coastal strip with numerous beautiful beaches and tourism expansion zones that could attract investors. Additionally, it contains various ecosystems, including lakes, dunes, forests, diverse flora and fauna and historical sites from different eras, most notably the El Kala Church.
However, this heritage faces degradation due to irresponsible practices, such as the destruction of vegetation in summer 2022, despite existing protective laws. These challenges prompted our study, which partly examines Algeria's policies on tourism, environmental conservation, and heritage preservation. The research methodology employs a combined approach, starting with a historical analysis of the park's status since its UNESCO world heritage classification. We then address the natural ecosystems in the area, illustrated with images, and present a comprehensive study of tourism potentials. Finally, we conduct an in-depth analysis using the SWOT method to obtain a holistic view of the region's natural ecosystems and cultural heritage. Based on our findings, we offer conclusions and recommendations to promote tourism and drive regional development while preserving the ecosystems and natural and cultural heritage of El Kala National Park from degradation and damage.
References
Ahriz, Atef, Abdelhakim Mesloub, Leila Djeffal, Badr M Alsolami, Aritra Ghosh, and Mohamed Hssan Abdelhafez. 2022. “The Use of Double-Skin Façades to Improve the Energy Consumption of High-Rise Office Buildings in a Mediterranean Climate (Csa).” Sustainability 14 (10):6004.
Ahriz, Atef, Abdelhakim Mesloub, Khaled Elkhayat, Mohammed Alghaseb, Mohamed Hassan Abdelhafez, and Aritra, Ghosh. 2021. Development of a mosque design for a hot, dry climate based on a holistic bioclimatic vision. Sustainability, 13(11), 6254.
Benlabidi, Moufida. 2023" Developing The Tourism Offer Within The Framework Of Sustainable Development - A Case Study Of Tourism Expansion Areas In The District Of El Tarf - Studies and Research Arab Journal for Research and Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences 15 (03):259-269.
Brahmi, Sami, Ahriz, Atef. 2022. "Urban Management Tools as a Contributor in the Preservation of Urban and Architectural Heritage, Case of The City of Tebessa (Algeria)" International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities 07 (08):15-32.
Brahmi, Sami. 2011 " Developing beach tourism within the framework of preserving the natural ecosystem - the case of the Kala sector " Master’s thesis at Larbi Ben M’hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria.
Chafia, L., & Djamila, R. S. (2024). "Assessment Of Potential Tourism Resources In The Rural Environment Of El Kala (Algeria): From Typology To The Possibility Of Implementing Polyspatial Tourism". International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, 2 (42).
Dehaba, Rachid, and Labii Belacem. 2012. " Plea for in-depth tourist development in the case of the wilaya of El Taref" Sciences and technology D (30): 69-78.
EKNP, 2010. " report of el kala national park".
MOULAÏ, Riadh. 2020" Role of National Parks in raising environmental awareness in Algeria" review of The Educator (23) 122-135.
NBS. 2008, " National Bureau of Statistics, General Housing and Population Census Report"
PBWD. 2022 "Directorate of programming and budget monitoring, annual report on budget forecasts for the year 2022"
Salman, Safia. 2020. " Construction in protected areas and prominent cultural and archaeological region " Journal of Legal Studies. 07 (02):501-522.
UNESCO, Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB). https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/el-kala accessed July 30, 2024.
URBACO. 2009 " Master plan for development and urban planning of the commune of El kala"
Algerian-Government. 1983. Executive Decree No. 83-462 of July 23, 1983 relating to the establishment of El Kala National Park. . JORADP 22 (31)
Algerian-Government. 1984. Law n° 84-09 of February 04, 1984 relating to the regional organization of the country. JORADP 23 (06).
Algerian-Government. 1998. Law n° 98-04 of June 15, 1998 relating to the protection of cultural heritage. JORADP 37 (44).
Algerian-Government. 2002. Law No. 02-02 du February 05 2002 au concerning the protection and appreciation of the coast. JORADP 41 (10).
Algerian-Government. 2003. Law No. 03-01 du February 17 2003 au Concerning the sustainable development of tourism. JORADP 42 (11).
Algerian-Government. 2003. Law No. 03-02 du February 17 2003 au specifies the general rules for the tourist use and exploitation of beaches. JORADP 42 (11).
Algerian-Government. 2003. Law No. 03-03 au relates to tourist expansion areas and tourist sites . JORADP 42 (11).
Algerian-Government. 2003. Law No. 03-10 au concerns environmental protection within the framework of sustainable development. JORADP 42 (43).
Algerian-Government. 2021. Executive Decree n° 21-124 of March 29, 2021 establishing the Cultural Heritage 14. Advisory Council as well as the modalities of its organization and operation. JORADP 60 (25).
Algerian-Government. 2007. Executive Decree No. 07-206 of June 30, 2007 setting the conditions and modalities of construction and land use on the coastal strip, the occupation of the natural parts bordering the beaches and the extension of the non-aedificandi object area. . JORADP 46 (43).
Algerian-Government. 2003. Executive Decree No. 03-322 of October 05, 2003, related to the exercise of works of art on protected real estate cultural properties. . JORADP 42
Algerian-Government. 2003. Executive Decree No. 03-323 of October 05, 2003, containing the ways of elaborating a plan for the protection and rehabilitation of archaeological sites and their protected areas and their recovery. . JORADP 42
Algerian-Government. 2003. Executive Decree No. 03-324 of October 05, 2003, containing the ways of elaborating the Permanent Plan for the Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Reserved Sectors.
Algerian-Government. 2003. Executive Decree No. 03-325 of October 05, 2003, identifying the ways of storing intangible cultural property in the National Bank of Data. . JORADP 42
Algerian-Government. 2011. Executive Decree No. 11-02 of 05 January 2011, concerning the creation of the National Agency for the Reserved Sectors. . JORADP 50
Algerian-Government. 2016. Law No. 16-55 of 01 February 2016, defining the conditions and modalities of intervention in ancient physical urban tissues. . JORADP 55
Algerian-Government. 2023. Law No. 23-21 dated December 23, 2023, concerning forests and forest resources.
Algerian-Government. 2024. Executive Decree No. 24-245 dated July 28, 2024, which defines the methods of organizing and coordinating actions related to the prevention and control of forest fires.
Views:
60
Downloads:
74
Copyright (c) 2024 Brahmi Sami, Grib Aissa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles are published in open-access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Hence, authors retain copyright to the content of the articles.
CC BY 4.0 License allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, re-published or otherwise re-used for any purpose including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed.
