GENERALIZED CRITERIA OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN EARLY DESIGN STAGES OF NEARLY ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS
Abstract
According to Directive 2010/31/EC the member states of the EU shall ensure that by 31 December 2020 all new buildings will be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB). They are characterized with very high energy performance, but they still need to meet the energy demand associated with their typical use, which includes energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and lighting. This energy should be covered to a significant extent by renewable energy. In the early design stages the generalized criteria of the energy performance of the building have to be used. The performance of the building envelope could be evaluated with the Form Factor as a measure of the compactness of the building and the average thermal transmittance U-value of the building envelope. A grid of roses of solar radiation is recommended as a method to evaluate the distribution of solar resources for a plot, situated in a complex urban environment and to guide the architect about the best exposure of the main facades of the building or the group of buildings. The solar potential of a variant building shape could be evaluated with the building shading factor.
References
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