World Science

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX INFORMATION SYSTEM TESTING METHODS

Nona Otkhozoria, Lily Petriashvili, Ani Kudukhashvili, Nino Kakhurashvili — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research has been based on surgical experience of multiple decades and on retrospect study of more that 4000 clinical cases, among them 3500 surgical invasion due to different types of traumas. Since it relies on the latter, it shows the evolution of our approaches towards severe cerebral cranial traumon includes different matters regarding diagnostics and surgical treatment with neuropathogenetic approach. We have shown the advantages of certain surgical procedures in cases of cerebral cranial trauma and also the way approaches were changing after introduction of high medical technology and taking into consideration bio mechanisms and pathological data. Computer diagnostics changed several surgical procedures and opportunities. In cases of traumas impacted in immobilized condition method of choice used to be plastic craniotomy, when in cases of cerebral congestion would cause decompression, placing bone fragment under the skin. 902 surgeries were performed among 1990. In 894 cases surgeries were performed using plastic trepanation, 217 among them was performed with improved modified method. In cases of negligible brain congestion, bone fragment was left in its place without suture fixation and after the congestion resolution fragment would return to its anatomical location. In several times it would be ligated in 2-3 points. This method was the most efficient in bi-frontal low craniotomy. The need of removing bone fragment was observed in zero cases.

In cases of acceleration traumas, which is characterized by diffuse damage, multifocal hemorrhages and bruises, in 157 cases double decompression method was used, in some case with falcostomy, effective in 49 cases. Trafination and resection trepanation were removed from practice.

Trafination method was sometimes use in cases of chronic hematomas and acute hydromas. In Recurrent and chronic hydromas method was less effective, in such conditions plastic trepanation method was used in order to create extra space for fluid. In singular cases of collapsed brain and for resolving tunica arachnoidea broken surface, we used to infuse 25-35 cubic oxygen or 20-25 distillate in spinal cord. This method was proved effective in 70 cases. Therefore, taking into consideration patho-mechanisms and pathology data, using differential pathogenetic methods of surgical invasion and computer monitoring of post-operative period we managed to decrease mortality in severecerebro-cranial traumas to 29-30% comparing to pre computer periods 36-38 % and comparing to data of other clinics 35-45%.

RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE HARDNESS OF THE SEED COAT OF GRAINS GROWN IN MONGOLIA

Fri, 03 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The objectives of the long-term development policy of Mongolia "VISION-2050" include scientific and knowledge-based development of agricultural production with the sight of sustainable development, the ability to transform knowledge into practice, the introduction of advanced technologies and innovations, the extension of agricultural raw materials and products in a foreign market, suspending the import of certain types of raw materials and products, and increasing exports.
In order to determine the hardness of grain seeds, carried out 3-5 repeated experiments and measurements on the laboratory equipment for each grain grade after considering the different levels of moisture and made mathematical and statistical analysis on data of collected samples and processed experiment results.

DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICAL TESTS OF A SOLAR DRYER WITH VARIOUS COATINGS FOR DRYING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

Sat, 04 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

A solar dryer for drying fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants, and other agricultural products is proposed. This solar dryer (s/d) is simple to construct, and its drying chamber can be covered with polyethylene, polycarbonate, glass, metal sheet, or other material, depending on the dried raw material. As the results of the experiments in the solar dryer showed, the drying speed is high; products obtained in a solar dryer are of high quality - without preservatives and dyes, with a high content of vitamins, with good taste properties. For example, when drying cornel in a solar dryer, vitamin C losses are almost 2 times less than with natural drying.
The shelf life of dried products is also increased when the storage conditions are properly observed. The high drying speed is explained by the enhanced convective movement of air in the dryer. The proposed solar dryer can be used on farms, as well as by urban residents, depending on the size of the dryer.

TO THE ISSUE OF A DIFFERENTIATED, BIOPATHOGENETIC APPROACH TO THE SELECTION OF INTERVENTION FOR VARIOUS CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL FORMS OF SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Napoleon Meskhia, A. R. Akhalaia — Sun, 05 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The work, based on many years of experience and in-depth analysis of significant clinical material - 3500 surgical interventions for various clinical and anatomical forms of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), carried out in 1515 cases in the pre-computer period and in 1990 - in the post-computer period, shows the evolution views on neurotrauma and the advantage of a differentiated approach to the choice of intervention, taking into account the biomechanism and neuropathomorphological features of various clinical and anatomical forms of TBI; shows how they have changed, with the introduction of adequate diagnostic tools and neuroimaging (CT and MRI) approaches to the choice of interventions depending on and taking into account the biomechanism and pathomorphological basis of various clinical and anatomical forms of severe traumatic brain injury. With the introduction of computer diagnostics, the possibilities of various methods of intervention were revised: if possible, preference was given to osteoplastic trephination, which, in case of swelling and prolapse of the brain - in case of gross violations of the craniocerebral volume-capacitive relationships, in the computer period, the intervention ended with decompressive craniotomy with subcutaneous preservation bone flap – in 1096 cases out of 1990 interventions. In the remaining 894 cases, the intervention was completed using the osteoplastic method. In 217 of them, it was carried out in an improved, modified form: a wide bone flap, with moderate cerebral edema, was not removed. On top of the plastically extended hard shell, it was guided to the sawing site, as if in the form of an “apron,” and loosely fixed with periosteal sutures. When the edema subsided, the bone flap was placed in place, and if necessary, it was easily connected with ligatures passed through microholes along the edge of the craniotomy and in symmetrical places of the sawed bone flap and brought out. In case of inertial injuries, with multihemispheric-multifocal brain damage and with a volumetric hemorrhagic component, in 939 cases one was performed - and in 157 observations - two-sided optimally extended decompressive craniotomy, among which in 49 cases bilateral hemicranectomy was successful. After 1096 decompressive interventions, 554 (41.4%) of the victims died; in the remaining 894 cases, a wide traditional and modified craniotomy with loose fixation of the bone flap was also performed, involving the parabasal sections of the anterior and middle cranial fossa; in 84 cases - bifrontal craniotomy with falxotomy, in 593 - extended traditional osteoplastic trepanation, and in 217 cases - also extended, but modified osteoplastic craniotomy. Death was noted in 27 (32.1%), 110 (18.5%) and 11 (5.1%) cases, respectively. The overall mortality rate in this group - among 894 cases with osteoplastic craniotomy - was 16.6%. Postoperative mortality among all 1990 interventions for various clinical and anatomical forms of TBI in the post-computer period amounted to a total of 30.3%. Thus, taking into account the biomechanism and pathomorphological basis of TBI, a differentiated, biopathogenetic approach to the choice of intervention, it was possible to reduce, from year to year, postoperative mortality from 36-38% in the pre-computer period, to 29-30% in the computer period, at 35-45 % according to various neurosurgical clinics.

ABOUT THE PATHOGENETIC BASIS, FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE AND THE SELECTIVE APPROACH TO THE SELECTION OF INTERVENTION DEPENDING ON THE PHASES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF PERSISTENT TRAUMATIC SUBDURAL HYDROMAS

Napoleon Meskhia, A. R. Akhalaia — Mon, 30 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The work is based on an analysis of surgical treatment of 57 victims with a persistent form of traumatic subdural hydromas. The pathogenetic basis and features of the clinical course of persistent hydromas and their neurological symptoms were clarified. The often observed phasic nature of the clinical course of persistent subdural hydromas has been noted; describes neurological symptoms characteristic of the transition from the pure, uncomplicated phase of subdural hydromas to the complicated, persistent clinical phase. Using the method of in-depth analysis of intraoperative surgical findings and clinical observations of neurological signs, the dependence of the pathoanatomical states of the brain on the prolonged compressive influence of volumetrically accumulating fluid in the subdural cavity was established. It is clarified that the persistent clinical form more often occurs with inertial injuries and with the valve mechanism of hydroma formation. It has been established that pure, uncomplicated traumatic subdural hydromas occur in 4-5% of cases among various clinical and anatomical forms of severe traumatic brain injury. Among them, in 31.5% of cases, pure, uncomplicated subdural hydromas take on a protracted clinical course - they become severe, persistent phase (in 57 cases among 181 of our observations) with frequent death - in 24 (42.1%) cases among 57 cases of complicated, persistent forms of traumatic subdural hydromas. Based on significant clinical material (57 observations), it was established that in the persistent clinical phase, the only indication is osteoplastic craniotomy with intraoperative straightening of the collapsed brain by injection into the lateral ventricle, through the inferior horn, up to 10-15 ml. distilled solution or 20-25 cc. air with the creation at the end of the intervention of additional, subapponeurotic reserve spaces, by detaching the apponeurotic skin flap from the periosteum of the skull around the burr hole, to a depth of 10-15 cm, for the “waste” of the cerebrospinal fluid collecting in the subdural cavity, in order to prevent conditions for mass the effect of compression and dislocation of the brain. Along with the indicated innovative surgical method, it is recommended that, in order to improve volumetric cerebral blood flow and enhance brain perfusion, resuscitation measures include means that enhance the left ventricular volumetric output of blood. In the case of a complicated, persistent form of subdural hydromas, repeated intervention should be strongly preferred to the microcraniotomy method, expectant management and prolonged resuscitation measures, including forced dehydration therapy.