World Science

NONINVASIVE METHOD FOR MAPPING BURIED COAL ASH

2025-09-28T02:14:21+00:00

Coal Combustion Products (CCP) are one of the largest industrial waste streams in the world and, in some cases, the final disposition of this toxic material is not carefully controlled resulting in undocumented landfills, illegal dump sites, and mixing with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). A new approach for discovering and mapping CCP sites based on radiation measurements has been tested in a historicaly inducstrial on the east coast of the United States where CCP was extensively used as fill material.

WEAR MODEL OF SURFACE TREATED LOW CARBON STEEL-BASED ON TAGUCHI EXPERIMENT METHOD USING THE GMAW PROCESS

2025-10-17T19:11:32+00:00

This article presents the results of optimizing semi-automatic welding process parameters using the Taguchi method and regression analysis. Experiments were designed with the semi-automatic welding process to identify the optimal parameters, which were validated through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted using the MINITAB software to develop a mathematical model predicting wear values under different welding conditions. The study experimentally investigated the effects of parameters such as particle size of the material, coating thickness, and current strength on wear. Results showed that the parameter with the most significant impact on wear was coating thickness, specifically the chromium content, followed by current and particle size of the material.

A REVIEW ON EXISTING METHODS OF FRAUD DETECTION IN MESSENGERS

2025-10-06T14:49:00+00:00

The increasing number of messenger fraud cases requires early and precise threat detection at unprecedented levels. The research examines modern NLP-based approaches which detect deceptive messages in messaging applications. The research examines various NLP approaches which analyze text data from different messaging platforms through text classification and tonality analysis and anomaly detection and thematic modeling techniques. The paper examines model learning data types together with text pre-processing methods and essential text features and evaluates traditional methods (e.g., Bag of Words, TF-IDF) and modern neural networks. The researchers encounter multiple obstacles while working which include the complex nature of processing informal language and the presence of noisy data and the need to frequently update models to detect new fraudulent schemes.

The research focuses on messenger platform fraud detection because it addresses the unique challenges of real-time message streams and informal language and multimodal communication. The review evaluates technical and contextual aspects by presenting suitable models and architectures for dynamic short-form content and identifying technologies that deliver low-latency responses.

The research aims to assess existing methods while identifying optimal approaches and proposing new directions to boost the accuracy and reliability of messenger fraud detection systems.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF FLY ASH DURING COLD RECYCLING OF ROAD CLOTHING

2025-10-01T14:33:30+00:00

The article examines the use of fly ash in materials produced by cold recycling technology. The ecological problem that arises during the storage of ash and slag materials has been studied. The question of the use of fly ash in road construction was considered. The composition of the mixture was selected, the consumption of materials was determined, samples were formed, which were then tested for compliance of their physical and mechanical characteristics with the requirements of national standards. After the arrangement of the experimental site, a number of field tests were conducted. Based on the results of research, it was established that fly ash mixtures meet the requirements of current regulatory documents in terms of their physical and mechanical properties and have characteristics no worse than mixtures made using the classic cold recycling technology.

SILTING RATE OF THE ZIT EMBA DAM AND QUANTIFICATION AND SPATIALIZATION OF WATER EROSION USING THE USLE MODEL (EXTREME NORTH-EAST ALGERIA)

2025-10-17T21:41:40+00:00

The Zit Emba dam (in the far north-east of Algeria) was impounded in 2001. With a capacity of 117,39 hm3, siltation is monitored solely by bathymetric surveys (2004 and 2014). The first company obtained a volume of silt of 0,8 hm3. The second survey estimated the amount of silt at 4,7 Hm3. However, the silt removed is estimated at 20% of the total silt. As a result, 5,6 Hm3 of sediment landed in the reservoir. In other words, a specific degradation equal to 1300 t/km2/year. However, this siltation monitoring does not allow us to locate the most degraded input zones. We therefore chose the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to quantify and spatialise hydric erosion in the watershed. To compare the bathymetric measurements with the soil losses obtained by the USLE, we subtracted the equivalent of silt transport (25%), giving a ratio of average annual soil losses (289.103 t/year) to estimated average annual solid transport (485.103 t/year) equal to 60%. This approach enabled us to validate the results obtained by the model, and to locate and quantify the degraded and very degraded surfaces (17,5 km2), or 3.6% of the total surface area of the watershed. They produce 77.103 t/year, representing 26% of annual soil losses. Developing these vulnerable areas will inevitably extend the lifespan of the Zit Ema dam, at a lower cost.

MODULATING GLUTEN-TRIGGERED IMMUNITY: THE NEXT STEP IN CELIAC DISEASE TREATMENT

2025-09-13T20:31:43+00:00

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Although a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the gold standard for treatment, many patients experience ongoing symptoms or fail to achieve mucosal healing due to inadvertent gluten exposure and challenges in long-term adherence. These limitations and growing understanding of the pathophysiology of CeD have prompted the development of non-dietary therapies that target the underlying immune mechanisms of CeD. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to modulate gluten-triggered immunity, including the inhibition of tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), blockade of HLA-DQ2.5 and gluten peptide complexes, suppression of interleukin-15 (IL-15), and interference with gut-homing lymphocyte trafficking. Among these, the TG2 inhibitor ZED1227 has demonstrated the most advanced clinical efficacy, while IL-15–targeting agents such as AMG 714 and CALY-002 show promise, particularly in refractory CeD. However, to date, none of those novel immune-modulating strategies have yet demonstrated sufficient efficacy and safety to replace dietary therapy. Therefore, future well-designed, long-term studies are needed to validate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of immune-mediated therapies and to define their role in personalized management of CeD.