World Science

POSSIBILITIES FOR REDUCING ENGINE OIL CONTAMINATION

Erdenesaikhan Oyunsurtal — 2025-12-24

The technical condition, service life, and operational reliability of tractor and combine harvester engines are significantly influenced by their operating environment, including climatic conditions, load modes, speed and thermal regimes, external factors, and contamination generated by internal mechanisms. Among these variables, the climatic conditions of Mongolia have been shown by many researchers to exert a particularly strong influence. Due to the continental climate with extreme temperature fluctuations, low annual precipitation, and especially the dry and dusty environment in spring and autumn, airborne soil particles increase sharply, leading to intensified engine contamination for agricultural machinery operating in open fields. Dust particles, abrasive wear debris, and contaminants generated during engine operation are the primary contributors to engine contamination. This study examined the pathways through which dust enters engine oil, and introduced a non-destructive diagnostic method using an ultrasonic leak detector to identify micro-leaks invisible to the human eye in the engine air-intake system. Experimental results revealed micro-cracks in the intake system, which were repaired, leading to a 17.3-fold reduction in engine oil contamination. This indicates that dust entering through microscopic gaps undetectable by visual inspection can directly affect engine wear and performance.

DEVELOPING GEORGIA’S LNG MARKET: PROSPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ENERGY SECURITY

Nino Bukhnikashvili — 2025-12-24

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming increasingly vital for energy security, supply diversification, and global energy competition. In response to recent developments, several EU member states have expanded LNG infrastructure to reduce reliance on Russian gas and improve the sustainability of Europe's gas system. This report explores the potential for developing Georgia’s LNG market, covering LNG fundamentals, liquefaction and regasification technologies, the current EU LNG landscape, opportunities for LNG exports to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus, and Georgia’s share of LNG in overall natural gas demand.

ENERGY DEPENDENCY INDEX OF GEORGIA

Lena Shatakishvili — 2025-12-24

Energy independence is a central objective for national energy security. Energy import dependency measures the share of imported energy in a country’s total energy demand. The European Union (EU) applies the Energy Dependency Index (EDI) to quantify energy independence. This study assesses Georgia’s energy dependency using the EU methodology and compares Georgia’s position with that of EU member states.