MODERN SUBSTITUTES FOR NATURAL CASTOR OIL AS A DIELECTRIC FLUID
Abstract
Synthetic esters have become increasingly popular over the past decades, which is reflected in the steady growth in the number of installations filled with these liquids. Interest in them is due to both fundamental research aimed at studying breakdown mechanisms and applied aspects of their operation. However, the use of synthetic esters in high-voltage equipment is associated with a number of technical challenges, which requires a deeper understanding of their behavior under various operating conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest achievements in the study of synthetic esters as dielectrics as a replacement for castor oil, which are most significant for further development and optimization of dielectrics. In particular, the following are considered: electrophysical characteristics of all oils, as well as synthetic esters, their behavior
References
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Hamdi, A., Fofana, I., & Djillali, M. (2017). Stability of mineral oil and oil–ester mixtures under thermal ageing and electrical discharges. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 11(9), 2384–2390.
Lizhi, H., Toyoda, K., & Ihara, I. (2008). Dielectric properties of edible oils and fatty acids as a function of frequency, temperature, moisture, and composition. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.035
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A Review on Synthetic Ester Liquids for Transformer Applications" Ryszard Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Wilczyńska-Michalik, Tomasz Boczar Energies, 2020, 13(23), 6429. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6429
"Dielectric Behaviour of Natural and Synthetic Esters at Inhomogeneous Field Conditions" Rainer Haller, Jaroslav Hornak, Pavel Trnka, Jan Hlavacek, Ahmed Gamil Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2019).https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-31680-8_32
Boulfiza, M., & Soudki, K. (2019). A review of oil insulation in electrical transformers. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2), 124–139. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=92396
Khan, M. I., & Ahmad, M. (2019). A comprehensive review on dielectric fluids and their applications. SN Applied Sciences, 1, 1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1263-0
Fofana, I., et al. (2020). Dielectric properties of mixed mineral and synthetic ester oil. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339911235
Petrovic, Z. S., et al. (2017). Camelina (Camelina Sativa) oil polyols as an alternative to castor oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 103, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.03.015
Xie, Y., Zhang, D., & Yang, L. (2024). Study on dielectric and cooling performance of novel bio-based insulating fluids. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 34, 103132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103132
ABB Technology AG. (2021). Insulating liquid with enhanced dielectric and cooling performance. EP3769322A1. https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3769322A1/en
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Alage : Ashish B Itolikar https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323734111_Microwave_Dielectric_Properties_of_Alage
Author(s) unknown. (2024). Nanofluid-enhanced vegetable oil blends: A sustainable approach to breakthroughs in dielectric liquid insulation for electrical systems. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380265242
Chemical modification of vegetable oils for the production of biolubricants using trimethylolpropane:. J. Owuna , M.U. Dabai , M.A. Sokoto , S.M. Dangoggo , B.U. Bagudo, U.A. Birnin-Yauri, L.G. Hassan, I. Sada, A.L. Abubakar, M.S. Jibrin https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062119300273
Abdullayeva Maya Yadigar, and Habibov Ibrahim Abulfas Improvement of the electrical properties of synthetic liquid dielectric for pulse capacitors. EUREKA. Physics and Engineering 6 (2020):pp. 13-18.
ABB Technology AG. (2021). Insulating liquid with enhanced dielectric and cooling performance. EP3769322A1. https://patents.google.com/patent/EP3769322A1/en
Repsol. (n.d.). Dielectric oil: functions and attributes. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from https://lubricants.repsol.com/en/news/aceite-dielectrico-funciones-y-atributos
Oommen, T. V., et al. (2015). Blended dielectric fluids for electrical apparatus. US9028727B2. https://patents.google.com/patent/US9028727B2/en
BtoBio Innovation. (n.d.). Oil and semiconductors: A story that repeats itself but is not the same. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from http://btobioinnovation.com/oil-and-semiconductors-a-story-that-repeats-itself-but-is-not-the-same/
Abdullayeva Maya Yadigar, and Habibov Ibrahim Abulfas Improvement of the electrical properties of synthetic liquid dielectric for pulse capacitors. EUREKA. Physics and Engineering 6 (2020):pp. 13-18.
Erhan, S. Z., Adhvaryu, A., & Perez, J. M. (2002). Vegetable oil-based basestocks. In Biobased Industrial Fluids and Lubricants (pp. 1–19). AOCS Press.
Mutlu, H., & Meier, M. A. R. (2010). Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 112(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900138
Abdullayeva Maya and Ismaylova Sabira. Synthesis of secondary hexyl-o-xylene in the presence of zeolite type ZSM-5. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2779. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2023
Krins, M., Borsi, H., & Gockenbach, E. (1996). Influence of carbon particles on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil. In 12th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (ICDL) (pp. [pages missing]). Rome, Italy.
Hamdi, A., Fofana, I., & Djillali, M. (2017). Stability of mineral oil and oil–ester mixtures under thermal ageing and electrical discharges. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 11(9), 2384–2390.
Lizhi, H., Toyoda, K., & Ihara, I. (2008). Dielectric properties of edible oils and fatty acids as a function of frequency, temperature, moisture, and composition. Journal of Food Engineering, 88(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.035
J. Food Eng., 88 (2) (2008), pp. 151-158, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.035
A Review on Synthetic Ester Liquids for Transformer Applications" Ryszard Kaczmarek, Katarzyna Wilczyńska-Michalik, Tomasz Boczar Energies, 2020, 13(23), 6429. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6429
"Dielectric Behaviour of Natural and Synthetic Esters at Inhomogeneous Field Conditions" Rainer Haller, Jaroslav Hornak, Pavel Trnka, Jan Hlavacek, Ahmed Gamil Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2019).https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-31680-8_32
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