THE DIGITAL EVOLUTION OF BUSINESS, EDUCATION, AND GOVERNANCE IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
Abstract
This review article examines how digital transformation is reshaping business, education, and governance in emerging economies. While these nations face challenges such as limited infrastructure, weak policy frameworks, and low digital literacy, they also hold immense potential for inclusive digital growth. A systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol identified key digital research themes: e-government, mobile money, digital financial services, and ICT-led capacity building. Mobile money and financial inclusion emerged as the most cited themes, with over 2,000 citations, highlighting global policy and scholarly attention. Due to ongoing public sector reforms, E-government and digital education platforms are also central, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Interest in AI and Smart Agriculture is growing, while the importance of data privacy is rising amid increased surveillance and ethical concerns. Strategic recommendations include expanding broadband and electricity access, especially in rural areas, as foundational infrastructure for digital services. Governments must also invest in digital skills training for civil servants, educators, entrepreneurs, and citizens. Robust legal and institutional frameworks are needed to ensure data protection, privacy, and ethical AI use. Additionally, fostering innovative ecosystems through support for incubators, tax incentives, and R&D funding can stimulate local entrepreneurship. Multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, UNDP, and AfDB play a vital role in accelerating digital transformation across emerging economies.
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