CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT AND ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE IN THE DOMAIN OF DIGITAL DEMOCRACY
Abstract
Further development of the domain of electronic (digital) democracy, which represents the result of implementation of electronic government and electronic governance, and implies the smart use of digital tools, substantially depends on how correctly is defined their conceptual dimensions and determined their functional purposes. E-government and E-governance (as terms and concepts), known as multidimensional, multifaceted and multidisciplinary phenomenon, are often treated as synonymous and used interchangeably in the academic literature or formal documents. Therefore it is becoming increasingly difficult to set a common definition (Roy, 2003) or clear existing conceptual ambiguity between them. There is no universally accepted definition of both abstractions. Such conceptual uncertainty has a negative impact on the development of digital democracy. The research objective of this article is to provide a deeper understanding of e-government and e-governance concepts through empirical studies and scatter the existing ambiguity in differences between these two concepts as this variety is not just questions of academic nuance. Based on a comparative analysis of e-government and e-governance definitions and conceptual meanings, this article offers an approach according to which e-government and e-governance represents two various but closely related and co-existing concepts. Furthermore, in the concluding section of the article, there are suggested recommendations regarding development a new grand term or concept in which both multidimensional conceptual visions will be combined.
References
Anttiroiko A.V. (2007). Democratic e-Governance – Basic Concepts, Issues and Future Trends. Digest of Electronic Government Policy and Regulation 30, 83–90, IOS Press
As-Saber, S. N. & Hossain, K. (2008). Call Centres and Their Role in E-governance: A Developing Country Perspective, The Journal of Community Informatics, Vol. 4, No 3
Backus, M. (2001) E-Governance and Developing Countries, Introduction and examples, Research Report, No. 3, April 2001
Bekkers, V., Dijkstra, G.; Edwards, A. and Fenger, M. (eds.) (2007). Governance and the Democratic Deficit: Assessing the Democratic Legitimacy of Governance Practices, Hants: Ashgate Publishing. von Bergmann-Winberg, M-L. and Wihlborg, E. (2011). Entreprenörer i politikens gränsland och nätverk in: M-L von Bergmann-Winberg and E. Wihlborg (eds.) Politikens entreprenörskap – kreativ problemlösning och förändring, Malmö: Liber, 5-15
Bannister, F. and Walsh, N. (2002), The virtual public servant: Ireland's public services broker. InformationPolity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age, 7 (2/3)
Bashar M.R., Rezaul K.M., Grout V., (2011), E-Government vs. Ordinary Bureaucratic Government: A Comparative Study, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA 11), Wrexham, UK, 6-9 September 2011.
Bedi, K., Singh, P.J. & Srivastava, S. (2001) Governance @ Net: New Governance Opportunities for India. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 374 Pages.
Brown, M. M. (2001). The Benefits and Costs of Information Technology Innovations: An Empirical Assessment of a Local Government Agency. Pubic Performance & Management Review, 24
Budd, L., Harris, L. (Red.). (2009). E-governance: managing or governing? New York, NY: Routledge
Carter, L. and Belanger, F. (2005), “The Utilization of E-Government Services: Citizen Trust, Innovation and Acceptance Factors”, Information Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 1
Clift, S. (2003) E-Governance to E-Democracy: Progess in Australia and New Zealand toward InformationAge Democracy. Retrieved from http://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.html
Cook, M. E., LaVigne, M. F., Pagano, C. M., Dawes, S. S., and Pardo, T. A. (2002). Making a Case for Local E-Government. Albany, New York: Center for Technology in Government
Collins, R. (2009). E-Governance and the Governance of the Global Internet. In: Budd, L. and Harris, L. (eds.). E-Governance: Managing or Governing? New York: Routledge
Council of Europe, E-governance, Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/t/dgap/democracy/Activities/GGIS/E-governance/Default_en.asp
Dada, D. (2006), "The failure of e-government in developing countries: A literature review", The electronic journal of information systems in developing countries, vol. 26, no. 7
Davies, R. (2015) European Parliament, e-Government Using technology to improve public services and democratic participation, IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS
Dawes, S. S. (2008). The evolution and continuing challenges of e-governance [Special Issue]. Public Administration Review, December, 86-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00981.x
DeBenedictis, A., Howell, W., Figueroa, R., and Boggs, R. A. (2002), “E-government defined: an overview of the next big information technology challenge”, International Association for Computer Information Systems (Issues in Information Systems), vol. 3
E-Government Act. (2002), Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/opcl/e-government-act-2002
Fuchs, D., and Kase, M. (2000). Electronic democracy. Paper presented at IPSA World Congress.
Fang, Z. (2002). E-government in digital era: concept, practice, and development. International Journal of The Computer, The Internet and Management, 10(2).
Fraga, E. (2002) “Trends in e-Government: How to Plan, Design, and Measure e-Government”. Government Management Information Sciences (GMIS) Conference, June 17, Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A
Garson, G. D. (1999). Information systems, politics, and government: Leading theoretical perspectives. In G. D. Garson (Ed.), Handbook of public information systems. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Gartner Group (2000), Key Issues in E-Government Strategy and Management. Research Notes, Key Issues (23 May 2000).
Giritli Nygren, K. (2009a).“e” i retorik och praktik. Elektronisk förvaltning i översättning [“e” as rhetoric and practice. eGovernment in transition.] Doctoral thesis, Mid Sweden University. Sundsvall, Sweden.
Giritli Nygren, K. (2009b). e-Governmentality: on Electronic Administration in Local Government. Electronic Journal of e-Government Vol. 7. Issue 1
Ghayur, A. (2006), The E-Government: A Jigsaw View, Published in I3E 2006 Computer Science, Business
Gjelstrup, G. and Sørensen, E. (eds.) (2007). Public Administration in Transition. Theory, Practice, Methodology. Copenhagen: DFØF Publishing
Grigalashvili, V. (2022). E-government and E-governance: Various or Multifarious Concepts. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research Volume 5 Issue 1 (Jan) 2022, DOI http://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2022.5111
Grönlund, Å. and Horan, T. A. (2005). Introducing e-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 15
Godse, V., Garg, A., (2011) From E-government to E-governance, Retrieved from https://www.csi-sigegov.org/1/2_313.pdf
Gordon F.T. (2002). E-government-introduction. ERCIM News n.48.
Grönlund, Åke and Horan, Thomas A. (2005) "Introducing e-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 15, Article 39
Gupta, M. P., Bhattacharya, J. and Agarwal, A. (2007), “Evaluating e-government”, University Press, 2007.
Halachmi, A., (2007), E-Government Theory and Practice: The Evidence from Tennessee USA, in Marc Holzer, Mengzhong Zhang, and Keyong Dong, (eds.), Frontiers of Public Administration, The American Society for Public Administration, New York.
Halchin, L. E. (2004). Electronic government: Government capability and terrorist resource. Government Information Quarterly.
Heeks, R. and Bailur, S. (2007), "Analysing e-government research: Perspectives, philosophies, theories, methods and practice", Government Information Quarterly, vol. 24.
Holmes, D. (2001) eGov: eBusiness Strategies for Government. London, U.K.: Nicholas Brealey.
Howard, M. (2001) E-Government across the globe: How will "e" change government? Government Finance Review, vol. 17, Issue 4.
IGI Global, What is E-Government, Retrieved from https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/a-model-proposal-for-local-governments-to-increase-citizen-involvement-in-the-age-of-information-society-and-e-government/8704
Irani, Z., Al-Sebie, M., and Elliman, T. (2006), “Transaction Stage of e-Government Systems: Identification of its Location & Importance”, Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Hawaii.
Jaeger, P. T. and Thompson, K. M. (2003), “E-government around the world: Lessons, challenges, and future directions”, Government Information Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 4.
Jain, P. (2002), “The Catch-up state: E-government in Japan”, Japanese Studies, vol. 22.
Jayashree, S. and Marthandan, G. (2010). Government to E-government to E-society. Journal of Applied Sciences, 10: 2205-2210. DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.2205.2210
Jordan, A., Wurzel, R. K.W. and Zito, A. (2005). The Rise of ‘New’ Policy Instruments in Comparative Perspective: Has Governance Eclipsed Government? Political Studies, 53.
Kafle, S. (2018), What is the difference between e-Government & e-Governance?
Kasubien, L. and Vanagas, P. (2007), “Assumptions of e-government services quality evaluation”, Engineering Economics, vol. 5, no. 55
Ke, W. and Wei, K. K. (2004), “Successful e-government in Singapore” Communications of the ACM, vol. 47.
Keohane, R. O. and Nye, J. S. (2000), Introduction, In Nye, J. S. and Donahue, J.D. (editors), Governance in a Globalization World. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Kettl, D. F. (2002), The Transformation of Governance, John Hopkins University Press, U.S.A.
Key differences (2017), Difference Between e-Government and e-Governance, Retrieved from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-e-government-and-e-governance.html
Kim, S. T. (2003). Global e-government theory. Seoul, ROK: Bobmoonsa
Kraemer, K. L., and King, J. L. (2003). Information Technology and Administrative Reform: Will the Time After E-Government Be Different? Paper presented at the Heinrich Reinermann Schrift fest, Post Graduate School of Administration, Speyer, Germany, September 29.
Larsson, H. and Grönlund, Å. (2014). Future-oriented eGovernance: The sustainability concept in eGov research, and forward, Government Information Quarterly, 31.
Lean, O. K., Zailani, S., Ramayah, T., & Fernando, Y. (2009). Factors influencing intention to use e-government services among citizens in Malaysia. International Journal of Information Management, 29, 458-475. doi: 0.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2009.03.012
Leitner, C. (2003), e-Government in Europe: The State of Affairs, European Institute of Public Administration,Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Löfgren, K. (2007). The Governance of E-Government. A Governance Perspective on the Swedish EGovernment Strategy, Public Policy and Administration, 22(3).
Marche, S. and J.D. McNiven. (2003), "E-Government and E-Governance: The Future Isn't What It Used To Be", Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 20(1), 2003.
Margolis, M., Moreno-Riano, G. (2010). E-Government, customers and citizens.
Marthandan, G. and Tang, C. M. (2010). Information technology evaluation: Issues and challenges. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 12(1) Mobile Commerce, Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Information Resources Management Association, Idea Group Reference, USA
Mazimpaka J. and Andersson, A. (2019), The public value of E-Government - A literature review, DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001
Misuraca, G. and Viscusi, G. (2013). Managing E-Governance: A Framework for Analysis and Planning. In Z. Mahmood (ed.) Developing E-Government Projects: Frameworks and Methodologies, Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development Series, Hershey, PA, USA: IGI-Global.
National Computerization Agency. (1996). National informatization master plan manual, Seoul, ROK: NCA
NCA. National Computerization Agency. (1997). A study on the public service and public system in informatization society, Seoul, ROK: NCA.
Norris, P. (2001). Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the internet worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Norris, P. (2003). Digital divide – Civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Oakley, K. (2002), "What is e-Governance?", Integrated Project 1: e-Governance Workshop, Strasbourg, 10-11 June, 2002.
Osborne, S. P. (2006). The New Public Governance? Public Management Review, 8, (3).
OECD, OECD Glossary of statistical terms Retrieved from https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4752
Okot-Uma, R.W. (2000) Electronic Governance: Re-inventing Good Governance. London, U.K.: Commonwealth Secretariat.
ÖKTEM, M. Kemal., DEMİRHAN K. (2004), The Usage of E-Governance Applications by Higher Education Students, EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES: THEORY & PRACTICE, 2004.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2001). Citizens as partners. France: OECD
Oyomno, G. (2004), "Towards a framework for assessing the maturity of government capabilities for e-government", The Southern African Journal of Information and Communication, vol. 4
Palvia, S. and S. Sharma, (2007), "E-Government and E-Governance: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the World", Computer Society of India, 2007. Retrieved from www.csi-sigegov.org/l/l_369.pdf
Perri 6. (2004). E-Governance: Styles of Political Judgment in the Information Age Polity (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2004).
Pina, V., L. Torres and B. Acerté, (2006), "Are ICTs promoting government accountability?: A comparative analysis of e-governance developments in 19 OECS countries". Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 18, 2006
Potnis, D. D. (2009). Measuring e-Governance as an innovation in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 27, 41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2009.08.002
Prabha, Q.S.V. (2003), Governance: Concepts and case studies, Prentice-Hall, India, 2003.
Riley, T.B. (2001), "Electronic governance in context". Electronic Governance and Electronic Democracy: Living and Working in the Connected World, The Commonwealth Centre for Electronic Governance, Ottawa, 2001.
Rossel, P. and Finger, M. (2007). Conceptualizing e-governance. New York: ACM Digital Library.
Roy, J. (2003), "Special Issue on e-Government", Social Science Computer Review, vol. 21, no. 1.
Sanford, C., & Rose, J. (2007). Characterizing e-Participation. International Journal of Information Management, 27, 406-421. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2007.08.002.
Saxena, K.B.C. (2005). Towards excellence in e-governance, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 18(6).
Sharma, S. K. (2006) An E-Government Services Framework, Encyclopedia of Commerce, E-Government and Mobile Commerce, Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Information Resources Management Association, Idea Group Reference, USA.
UN Global E-government Readiness Report. From E-government to E-inclusion, UNPAN/2005/14, United Nations publication, United Nations, 2005.
Saugata, B. and Masud Rana Rashel, M.R. (2007), Implementing E-Governance Using OECD Model (Modified) and Gartner Model (Modified) Upon Agriculture of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.1109/ICCITECHN.2007.4579410.
Scholl, H. J. (2003), E-government: a special of ICT enabled business process change, proceeding of 36th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, IEEE
Seifert, J. and Petersen, E. (2002), “The Promise of All Things E? Expectations and Challenges of Emergent E-Government, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, vol. 1, no.2.
Seifert, J. W. and Relyea, H. C. (2004), “Considering eGovernment from the U.S. Federal Perspective: An Evolving Concept, A Developing Practice”, Journal of eGovernment, vol. 1, no.1.
Sheridan, W. and T. Riley "Comparing e-Government Vs. e-Governance", GIS Development. (2006). Retrieved from www.gisdevelopment.net/magazine/years/2006/aug/46_l.htm
Signore O., Chesi F. Palloti M. (2005). E-government: challenges and opportunities. CMG Italy-XIX Annual Conference, Signore O., Chesi F. Palloti M. (2005). E-government: challenges and opportunities. CMG Itay-XIX Annual Conference.
Spremić, M., Šimurina, J., Jaković, B., and Ivanov, M. (2009), E-Government in Transition Economies. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 53. University of Zagreb, Croatia.
Tambouris, E. (2001), "An integrated platform for realising online one-stop government: The e-government project", Dexa (ed.), in: 12th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 03 - September, Munich, Germany, IEE.
UN, E-Government. Retrieved from https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/about/unegovdd-framework Working Group on E-government in the Developing World, (www.pacificcouncil.org).
Weerakkody, V. and Dhillon, G. (2008), “Moving from E-Government to T-Government”, International Journal of Electronic Government Research, vol. 4.
Wihlborg, E. (2011). Entreprenörer på plats i policy och politik, I von Bergmann-Winberg, M-L & Wihlborg, E. (red.) Politikens entreprenörskap – kreativ problemlösning och förändring, Malmö: Liber, 110-129.
World Bank (2015), e-Government, Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelopment/brief/e-government
Yildiz, M. (2007). E-government research: Reviewing the literature, limitations, and ways forward. Government Information Quarterly, 24.
Views:
647
Downloads:
510
Copyright (c) 2022 Vephkhvia Grigalashvili
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles are published in open-access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Hence, authors retain copyright to the content of the articles.
CC BY 4.0 License allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, re-published or otherwise re-used for any purpose including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed.
