STUDY OF THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANTS GROWING IN GEORGIA

Sums of neutral and polar lipids were extracted from the fruits of Vitis vinifera and pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L.; their main classes and physical-chemical constants of some neutral lipids were determined. The saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phospholipidslysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in them. The content of carotenoids is up 2,5 mg% and 65,5 mg% in Vitis vinifera and Physalis alkekengi L. respectively. Amino acids were detected in studied species. The oils from both plants are characterized with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic and immunotropic activities, they can be used in medicine for curative and preventive purposes. KEYWORDS

Introduction. Among of the biologically active natural compounds, vegetation lipids, which are a part of all living cells and biological membranes, play an important role. Lipids participate in the vital processes of the organism what evidences their important physiological role. As the literary data suggest, their action is various: immunotropic, hepatoprotective, choleretic, antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic. They reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular diseases [1,2].
Grape -Vitis vinifera are widely spread in Western and Eastern Europe and grows in almost all regions of Georgia [3,4]. As the literary data suggest, the fruits of grape contain vitamins, anthocyanins, carbohydrates and organic acids. Grape seeds contain oil and pectin. They are used to treat avitaminosis, rachitis, anemia and hepatic diseases and as tonic [5,6].
Bladder cherry -Physalis alkekengi L. commonly grows all over the territory of Georgia [3]. Based on the literary data, it contains organic acids, alkaloids, carotins, pectins, mineral substances, phytoncides, fatty and essential oils. Its pericarpium has anti-inflammatory, choleretic, diuretic, antiseptic and analgetic actions. It is used to treat rheumatism, respiratory tract diseases, inflammatory processes of the urinary system. The oil extracted from its fruits can reduce level of cholesterol in blood and liver, restores immune and hormonal systems and improves liver functions.

3(33), March 2019
Goal of the study. The goal of the study is to explore some plants growing in Georgia for the content of lipids and accompaning biologically active substances. The objects of the study are plants growing in Georgia: Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) -fruits and Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) pericarpium.
The sum of polar lipids (yield 2,3%) was obtained from the fruits of grape after the obtaining of neutral lipids by 4 fold extraction with chloroform-methanol mixture 2:1 at the room temperature. Qualitative analysis of polar lipids was carried by bidirectional chromatography using the following solvent systems: 1) chloroform:methanol:ammonia (60:30:5); 2) chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid:water (170:25:25:6). The plates were processed with iodine vapor and Vaskovski's reagent. Qualitatively, the following phospholipids-lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in the studied object. Also the amino acids: lysine, asparagines, alanine, serine, phenylalanine and valine were determined.
The sum of neutral lipids (yield 10%) was obtained of 4-fold extraction with hexane from airdried pericarpium of bladder cherry. Its main classes [9] and some of its physical-chemical properties such as: acid number 0,76 mgKOH/g; iodine number -106%, refraction index -1,467 and specific weight -0,926 were also determined. The content of carotenoids in the sum of neutral lipids of bladder cherry's pericarpium is 65,5%.
After isolation of neutral lipids from the raw material the sum of polar lipids (yield 1,2%) was obtained by extraction with chloroform-methanol mixture 2:1. Qualitatively, the following phospholipids were identified: phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The quantitative content of total phospholipids was determined by using spectrophotometric method, and it is 0,55%. The following amino acids-lysine, phenylalanine, valine, leicine, arginine, serine and glycine were identified in the bladder cherry.
Conclusions. Thus, by using HPLC dominant saturated fatty acid in the sum of neutral lipids extracted from the fruit of Vitis vinifera is hexadecanoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienе dominates as unsaturated fatty acid.
Dominant saturated fatty acid in the sum of neutral lipids extracted from the pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L. is octadecane and octadecene dominates as unsaturated fatty acid.
Based on the literary data [5,6], the lipids obtained from the studied objects can be recommended for using in medical practice.