A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF URBAN DIVISIONS BETWEEN LUOYANG CITY IN HAN AND WEI DYNASTIES AND ROME CITY IN IMPERIAL PERIOD

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south side, it faces the Tongtuo Street and the main gate of the inner city, Xuanyang Gate. The second palace gate on the front of the Northern Wei Palace City is the ruins of No. 2 palace gate. It may be the Zhiche Gate site recorded in the literature. The third palace gate in the front of the Northern Wei Palace, the third palace gate site, is located 300 meters south of Taichi Temple.
The most important main hall in the center of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Taichi Temple site. It is located in the middle of the northern end of the southern section of the axis of the Taichi West Road. -Palace No. 3, Palace No. 2 and Changhe Gate are the venues for the emperors to hold large pilgrimages and handle major events.

Royal Temple Yongning Temple
Yongning Temple is the largest Buddhist temple in Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty.It was built in the first year of Emperor Xiaoming and was created by the Queen Mother Hu's family.The temple is located on the west side , one mile south of the gate of Changhe Gate. The ninestory wooden tower built is tall and majestic. According to relevant documents, the most conservative height of the restored wooden tower is also equivalent to more than 100 meters. The temple is rectangular in the north and south. One door on each side of the courtyard, the south gate is located in the middle of the south wall. The east and west gates are similar in shape to the south gate, and the scale is slightly smaller. Among them, the south gate is best preserved, the bases of the east and west gates still exist, and the north gate has no trace. A nine-story wooden pagoda with the main structure of the temple is built, followed by a Buddhist temple.
Investigation of ritual architecture sites in the south of the city The survey and excavation of ceremonial buildings in the southern suburbs were mainly excavations of Lingtai, Piyong, Taixue, and Mingtang, respectively, from 1972 to 1981. After the survey, the spatial distribution, building scale, shape structure, and structure of this group of buildings were basically confirmed. Construction and inheritance era.

Study on the Urban Division of Rome City
The city of Rome is divided into several main areas: urban areas, commons, wilderness and suburbs.
In terms of function, the Roman city area can be mainly divided into urban center areas, public living areas, dock business areas, residential areas and tomb areas.The division of these areas is closely combined with natural terrain and historical traditions, and the functions are not absolute. Due to the emphasis on the continuation of historic buildings, the function of various areas in the preempire period has also been greatly affected.

City center
The geographically central area of Rome is also home to the city's political, cultural, religious and memorial centre, including eight of the fourteenth districts of Augustus. "Roman Forum and Grand Place" is also Campidoi. Okuyama, the ten districts of the "Palatino Mountains" is the Palatine Hill.
The city's square valley gathers all the important squares in Rome, thus becoming the political and memorial center of Rome. The religious area of Rome is located on Mount Campidio, the main temple of Rome and the temple of national sacrifice. They are all located here, such as the Temple of the Three Lords, the Temple of the Twelve Lords, etc. The palace area on the Palatine Hill is the center of seven hills, and the palaces were built here by the emperors during the imperial period, such as Augustus House, Tiberius House, Transition House, Golden House, etc.

Public living area
The southern part of the original God of War in the northwest corner of Rome (nine districts a Flaminio circus area, that is, the wall of Severus, the area between Flaminia Avenue and the Tiber River) is a public activity area for citizens, which is spread throughout public entertainment and living facilities.

Dock business district
At the beginning of the republic, the square of cattle and the northern slope of Mount Eventino formed the settlement of the quay residents, gradually moved to the southern plains in the early 2nd century BC, and the market quay, the Emilia fence, Garba, Loriana were built , Large warehouses such as Anicana, Seyana and Fabaria, as well as a bread market. Another dock business area is the valley between the Palatine Hill and the Eventino Hill (11th District "Big Circus" The venue ") includes Verabro, as well as Bull Plaza and Oil Plaza.

Residential area
There are mainly Mount Celio, Osquelino, Mount Quireale and Viminal, Mount Pinzio and northern Ares, and Iventino. During the Empire, there were many multi-level apartments. The top of the mountain is a royal residential area, with villas and Claudio temples distributed. Mount Osquilino is the most densely populated in the capital and one of the earliest areas to live. It was the residence of nobles during the Empire. Most of the buildings in Mount Quiriole are residential buildings, the social class is complex, there are many civilians in the east, and there are a large number of religious buildings, such as the old three main temples and the Temple of Quirino. Dense residential area with multi-layered architectural ruins and the Temple of the Sun. Mount Eventino lived during the Empire period and the civilian and commercial properties were lost, becoming a noble settlement, the mountain is equipped with large public bath facilities, and there is Tianhou Juno Religious buildings such as temples and diana temples.
Burial area Tombs of Quiriare are distributed outside the walls of Severus, most of which belong to the early days of the empire, such as near Salt Road Avenue.

Suburbs
The late Republic and Imperial period documents identified the hills near Rome as suburban areas, including Tuskolo, Federney, etc. The Roman suburbs during the Imperial period were occupied by a large number of buildings. Including Tiber Island and the west bank of the Tiber River, Hadrian's Villa is in the northeast suburbs.

Port area
Ostia is a port area located in the southwest of Rome. It was built in the 4th century BC. It was the first military facility and later an important commercial cargo distribution center.
Comparative Study.
The Palace City of Luoyang City in the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into the North and South Palaces, and the scale is basically the same. The two are not the difference between the Palace City and the "Asian Palace City", and actually formed a double palace city. Luoyang City in the Wei and Jin Dynasty became a single palace. The inner city appeared, with palace in it, and outside wall outside it. The ancient Chinese capital system that coexisted with palace, Inner City, and outside wall was opened. The city wall has a prominent feudal political feature, not only a geographical division. The boundary line is an insurmountable physical carrier of different social classes. The Roman city is mainly divided into the inside and outside of the sacred boundary and the inside and outside of the double wall. The same three-story city boundary line as Luoyang City exists, but it is different from Luoyang City. In addition to government agencies, there are mainly sacred and monumental building facilities, while sacrificial buildings such as the Ancestral Temple in Luoyang City are located in the southern part of the city except the palace and Inner City. This is the strengthening of the geopolitics and blood relationship of ancient Chinese management institutions. The weakening of politics is a prominent reflection in the planning of the capital. The two walls inside and outside Rome are the difference between the historical and non-historical spaces of Rome and whether they are protected by military protection.
In terms of administrative divisions, Luoyang City in the Han and Wei Dynasties is a "countycounty-(township) -li" structure, and Rome City is a "district-street" structure. The former has a strict hierarchical management organization, even in Luoyang City. The most basic residential unit, Lifang, also has a strong feudal military management nature. The Roman city is a relatively loose secondary structure, and the smallest administrative unit is characterized by linearity. The urban administrative division of Luoyang City is centripetal and hierarchical. The characteristics of the strict management are conducive to the management of the feudal ruling class, which is not conducive to the daily communication of the civilians and the development of the commodity economy. While the division of the Roman city is a linear and decentralized feature, the management is relatively loose, but it is beneficial to the daily life of the civilians. The convenience of life and the development of the commodity economy.
From the perspective of spatial division, there are also large differences between Luoyang City and Roman City. Although both cities were replaced in the same area in different dynasties, each has its own historical continuity, but the former mainly follows the feudal ruling class in terms of spatial division. The management and defense are mainly based on the consideration of the ancient Chinese architecture in the traditional Chinese concept of "feng shui", "backing to the mountain and facing water" in principle. The latter spatially coincides with the distinction of nature, while taking into account urban characteristics such as defensiveness.